The Digital Transformation Of Communication, Information...

New Media is the digital transformation of communication, information and entertainment media, including music (Giddings, 2). The way music is produced, distributed and consumed or listened to has developed due to new media, digital technologies.This essay will examine in depth the streaming service, Spotify through breaking down the various, both positive and negative effects that it has on the music industry. Overall, this essay will discuss the idea that however convenient streaming on Spotify may be for it’s users it inevitably has a number of issues. The reason for these issues all concern finding a balance between distribution/access, and ownership/control of music files as well as public and private rights and interests (Katz, 300). The key cause of these issues is money; copyright, licensing costs, artist’s not getting paid enough, ownership and the competitive marketplace all contribute to the ambivalent effects of using streaming services. Mark Katz discussion surrounding file-sharing extends to Spotify; one key point Katz makes is that two broad types of change are likely to occur: legal and economic. The future of listening to music and the music industry thus depends on how these things will play out (Katz, 300). The structure of this essay is in four parts, addressing these legal and economic issues. Part one will address briefly the history, and way in which Spotify fits into the ‘digital revolution’ and its key positive attributes. Part two will look atShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Digital Media On The Cinema Industry1284 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Internet and new media has changed the way people live, work and entertain. Long–time forms of entertainment, such as music, games or movies have been changed accordingly. Within the entertainment industry, the cinema sector is experiencing dramatic transformations. Consumers are now provided with a wide range of ways to access their products. Trad itional practices of enjoying movies, especially going to the cinema, are said to be diminished by the use of digital media. From this, there areRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On The Music Industry1276 Words   |  6 Pagesother entertainment sectors, was headed for impending doom and catastrophic losses in sales. To some degree, and for the first few years, these predictions seemed to become a reality as record sales fell drastically at least partially due to piracy. However, as technological change continues at a rate never before seen, the impact of the Internet has been expanded well beyond illegal downloading to include fundamentally different ways of distributing, promoting and marketing music. Digital CapabilitiesRead MoreThe Internet And New Media1504 Words   |  7 PagesIn the new millennium, the communication channels have advanced at an amazing rate, making it possible for two people separated by thousands of kilometers to get in contact and socialize as if they were face to face. These possibilities of human interconnection have transformed the internet, as Bill Gates well says, into the meeting place of world population. The outer shell of the internet and all of its services encouraged over time the materialization of many computer programs, with featuresRead MoreHow Media Has Changed The Modern Landscape Of Communications And Media1901 Words   |  8 Pages modern mass media platforms have changed the way the audience receives information. It is established that over the last few decades, there has been a significant difference between traditional means of mass media such as print and mails and the modern mass media communication channels. With the introduction of the Internet, a variety of media companies have improved means of producing and transmitting news using various platforms. As a result, convergence has occurred in the media space as communicationRead MoreMass Medi The Spread Of Digital Media Communication1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthe mass media likely to survive the spread of digital media communication? The purpose of this essay is to explore if mass media is likely to survive the spread of digital media communication. Firstly, this essay discusses the definition of mass media, as well as when and where it originated in order to gain a better background understanding. It then goes on to discuss the growing popularity of digital media and how mass media communication still prevails despite the new digital media. In the conclusionRead MoreBuzzfeed : The Future Of News1076 Words   |  5 PagesWith this, the content produced by BuzzFeed news shifted from an entertainment-oriented online content aggregator to an original news content generator. Journalists see hard news as reporting that consists of newsworthy facts of events that are potentially open to analysis and interpretation, while soft news items are equal to human-interest stories. Soft news is generally considered to include â€Å"interesting† stories, that are entertainment-oriented, and of human interest. The increas e of hard news storiesRead MoreThe Emergence Of The Internet And Social Media1079 Words   |  5 PagesThe emergence of the Internet and social media has had a tremendous impact on the theory and practice of advertising, public relations and marketing disciplines. Advertising spending on the Internet has outpaced all other traditional media (Center for Media Research, 2004). In the last two years, the number of social networking tools and the number of people using those tools have exploded, thus the rules are constantly changing and there is considerable uncertainty on how to employ these tools fromRead MoreCause/Effect How Technology Influences Personal Relationships1095 Words   |  5 Pagesjust met on Facebook. A group of kids get in a fatal car accident because the driver was texting. All of these people are real life examples of the negative impacts of digital technology on society. Technology has been evolving for hundreds of years. As it has become more advanced, the more it has taken a hold of the community. Digital technology is universal and there is no way to avoid it, but people need to start using it more responsibly. Everything gets taken for granted now that there are so manyRead MoreThe Global Media Manager For Adidas International Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesThe global media manager for Adidas International is responsible for developing and campaigning a new marketing strategy at Adidas called brand in the hand that is based on the merging of cell phones and wireless internet. Presents company background information, data on the penetration of mobile de vices such as cell phones, the growth of global mobile marketing practices, and several mobile marketing communications campaigns that Adidas launched in 2004, such as a mobile news ticker for the 2004Read MoreAdidas International Global Media Manager Essay964 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Brand in the hand† is a new marketing strategy developed by Adidas International global media manager. This new campaign is based on the merging of cell phones and wireless internet. This campaign presents company background information, data on the penetration of mobile devices such as cell phones, the growth of global mobile marketing practices, and several mobile marketing communications campaigns that Adidas launched in 2004, such as a mobile news ticker for the 2004 European soccer championship

Schizophrenia Essay - 1139 Words

Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a serious brain disorder. It is a disease that makes it difficult for a person to tell the difference between real and unreal experiences, to think logically, to have normal emotional responses to other, and to behave normally in social situations. People with schizophrenia may also have difficulty in remembering, talking, and behaving appropriately. Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental illnesses. About 1% of the world population has schizophrenia. In the United States, there are about 2.5 million people with the disease. Schizophrenia is the cause of more hospitalizations than almost any other illness. Schizophrenia most commonly begins between the ages of 15 and†¦show more content†¦Even the experts are not sure exactly what causes it. Some doctors think that the brain may not be able to process information correctly. People without schizophrenia usually can filter out unneeded information: for example, the sound of a train whistle in the background or a dog barking next door. People with schizophrenia, however, cannot always filter out this extra information. One possible cause of schizophrenia may be heredity, or genetics. Experts think that some people inherit a tendency to schizophrenia. In fact, the disorder tends to â€Å"run† in families, but only among blood relatives. People who have family members with schizophrenia may be more likely to get the disease themselves. If both biologic parents have schizophrenia, there is nearly a 40% chance that their child will get it, too. This happens even if the child is adopted and raised by mentally healthy adults. In people who have an identical twin with schizophrenia, the chance of schizophrenia developing is almost 50%. In contrast, children whose biological parents are mentally healthy – even if their adoptive parents have schizophrenia – have about a 1% chance of getting the disease. That is about the same risk as for the general population of the United States. Some researchers believe that events in a person’s environment trigger schizophrenia. Some studies have shown that influenza infection or improper nutrition duringShow MoreRelatedSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Schizophrenia815 Words   |  4 Pagesand has schizophrenia. According to Mayo Clinic â€Å"Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior. Contrary to popular belief, schizophrenia is not a split personality or multiple personality. The word schizophrenia does mean split mind, but it refers to a disruption of the usual balance of emotions and thinking. Schizophrenia is a chronicRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On The Development Of Schizophrenia Essay2173 Words   |  9 PagesSchizophrenia Schizophrenia is a life-long disorder that affects about one percent of the population (Mueser McGurk, 2004). The cause of this mental illness is still unclear. Studies have suggested that Schizophrenia does not arise from one factor but from a combination of genetic, environmental, and social factors (Liddle, 1987). People diagnosed with Schizophrenia struggle to deal with a multitude of symptoms that make it difficult to function (Mueser McGurk, 2004). Antipsychotic medicationsRead MoreSchizophrenia Poster Research Topics : Schizophrenia1715 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia Poster Research Topics K - What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is chronic, severe, and a brain disabling disorder; that has affected people throughout history. It also interferes with a person’s ability to think clearly, manage emotions, make decisions and relate to others. People with the disorder may hear voices other people do not hear. They may believe other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them. This can terrify people with the illnessRead MoreSchizophrenia Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia One of the major concerns of modern medicine is Schizophrenia. Frey defines schizophrenia as a group of disorders marked by severely impaired thinking, emotions, and behaviors (99). Straube and Oades incorporate more on its definition by saying this illness evokes a fundamental disturbance of personality (92). According to Gottesman, schizophrenia didn’t exist before the 19th century. He found many facts that lead to this hypothesis, finding no existence of this illness inRead MoreSchizophrenia Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesSchizophrenia is affecting people more now than a few decades ago. This illness is across the US and is present in every culture. People are now aware and understand how the illness can be devastating to one’s life. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder of the brain but it is highly treatable. In the US the total amount of people affected with the illness is about 2.2 % of the adult population. The average number of people affected per 1000 total population is 7.2 % per 1000, which means a city thatRead MoreWhat Is Schizophrenia?1499 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Schizophrenia? The study of schizophrenia dates back to the early 1800’s, when a guy by the name of John Haslam published a book called â€Å"Observations of Insanity†. In his book he goes into detail about the case studies or patents that show symptoms that we could categorize as schizophrenia disorder (John Haslam). By the end of the 19th Century the concept of schizophrenia was made known by a German psychiatrist by the name of Emil Krapelin. He basically took what he learned from HaslamRead More Schizophrenia Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pages Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects about one percent of the population. Generally if you have schizophrenia you cut out of contact with real world reality. The word Schizophrenia is Greek for â€Å"split mind†. It is common belief that a person with schizophrenia or a â€Å"schizo† has a split personality, but actually the person’s thinking, feelings, and behavior are so far from normal that they get to th e point where they interfere with their ability to function in everyday life. People whoRead MoreAbnormality and Schizophrenia1532 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Mathers et al., (1996) â€Å"Schizophrenia ranks among the top ten causes of disability worldwide and affects one in one hundred people at some point in their lives.† (Cardwell and Flanagan, 2012). Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder which is commonly diagnosed in 15-30 year old individuals. It disrupts a person’s cognition, perceptions and emotions, making it extremely difficult to diagnose. Bleuler (1911) introduced the term schizophrenia, which translates as ‘split-mind’ or ‘dividedRead MoreSchizophrenia Essay1066 Words   |  5 Pagesis schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by irrational thought processes. A person dealing with this debilitating illness may think that people are going to kill them, or kidnap them. Some Schizophrenics often have â€Å"voices† in their heads telling them what to do. In some cases this has caused people to take their lives or try to. Schizophrenia is everywhere you look. Out of one hundred thousand people at least one hundred and fifty people have schizophrenia. LikeRead Moreschizophrenia abstract1053 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic brain disorder in which a person interprets actual reality abnormally. It is a mental disorder that makes it difficult to think clearly, have normal responses to emotions, act normal in a social setting, and tell the difference between their own interpretation of reality and actual reality. There are several types of Schizophrenia: paranoid, undifferentiated, disorganized, residual, and catatonic schizophrenia. The assumption is that

Does Sex Education Work Essay Example For Students

Does Sex Education Work Essay The question is no longer should sex education be taught, but rather how should it be taught. Over 93% of all public high schools currently offer courses on sexuality or HIV. More than 510 junior and senior high schools have school-linked health clinics, and more than 300 schools make condoms available on campus. The question now is, are these programs effective, and if not, how can we make them better? Kids need the right information to help protect them-selves. The US has more than double the teenagers pregnancy rate of any western industrialized country. Teenagers have the highest rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of any age group, with one in four young people contracting an STD by the age of 21. STDs, including HIV, can damage teenagers health and reproductive ability. And there is still no cure for AIDS. HIV infection is increasing most rapidly among young people. One in four new infections in the US occurs in people younger than 22. In 1994, 417 new AIDS cases were diagnosed among 13-19 year olds, and 2,684 new cases among 20-24 year olds. Since infection may occurs up to 10 years before and AIDS diagnosis, most of those people were infected with HIV either as adolescents or pre-adolescents. Knowledge alone is not enough to change behaviors. Programs that rely mainly on conveying information about sex or moral precepts-how the bodys sexual system functions, what teens should and shouldnt do-have failed. However, programs that focuses on helping teenagers to change their behavior-using role-playing, games, and exercises that strengthen social skills-have shown signs of success. In the US, controversy over what message should be given to children has disadvantaged sex education programs in schools. Too often statements of values (my children should not have sex outside of marriage) come wrapped up in misstatements of fact (sex education doesnt work anyway). Should we do everything possible to suppress teenage sexual behavior, or should we acknowledge that many teens are sexually active, and prepare them against the negative consequences? Emotional arguments can get in the way of an unbiased assessment of the effects of sex education. Other countries have been much more successful than the US in addressing the problem of teen pregnancies. Age at first intercourse in similar in the US and five countries have teen pregnancy rates that are at least less than half the US rate. Sex education in these other countries is based on the following components: a policy explicitly favoring sex education; openness about sex, consistent messages throughout society, and access to contraception. Reducing the Risk, a program for high school students in urban and rural areas in California, used behavior theory-based activities to reduce unprotected intercourse, either by helping teens avoid sex or use protection. Ninth and 10th graders attended 15 sessions as part of their regular health education classes and participated in role-playing and experimental activities to build skills and self-efficacy. As a result, a greater proportion of students who were abstinent before the program successfully remained abstinent, and unprotected intercourse was significantly reduced for those students who became sexually active. Postponing Sexual Involvement, a program for African-American 8th graders in Atlanta, GA, used peers (11th and 12th graders) to help youth understand social and peer pressures to have sex, and to develop and apply resistance skills. A unit of the program also taught about human sexuality, decision-making, and contraceptives. This program successfully reduced the number of abstinent students who initiated intercourse after the program, and increased contraceptive use among sexually experienced females. Healthy Oakland Teens (HOT) targets all 7th graders attending a junior high school in Oakland, CA. Health educators teach basic sex and drug education, and 9th grade peer educators lead interactive exercises on values, decision-making, communication, and condom-use skills. .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .postImageUrl , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:hover , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:visited , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:active { border:0!important; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:active , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chlamydia (714 words) Essay After one year, students in the program were much less likely to initiate sexual activities such as deep kissing, genital touching, and sexual intercourse. AIDS Prevention for Adolescents in School, a program for 9th and 11th graders in schools in New York City, NY, focused on correcting facts about AIDS, teaching cognitive skills to appraise risks of transmission, increasing knowledge of AIDS-prevention resources, clarifying personal values, understanding external influences, and teaching skills to delay intercourse and/or consistently use condoms. .

Work Life Balance Prioritizing

Question: Essay on Work-Life Balance. Answer: Abstract Work-life-balance is related properly prioritizing the work and the life of the employees by the employer of the organization. The leaders of the organization should assist the employees in understanding their job role properly accordingly prioritizing their jobs so that they can easily complete their jobs in time and make a space for their personal life. However, the concept of work-life-balance has been changed in some organizations due to their requirement of cost cutting of the organization. The study has been analyzed the statement of Juliet Bourke that states that the flexibility has been moved away from its original paradigm. It has been found that many organizations use the concept of work-life-balance as a way of redundancies in the organizations. The study also has been discussed the implication of excessive working hours on the performance of the employees as well as managers. Excessive working hours leads to health issues and personal life issues of the employees. Lastly, the study has been discussed the way in which the employers may bring flexibility in the organization during economic downturn of the organization. In this time, the employers have to properly allocate the human resources for the efficient productivity of the organizations. Key Word: Work-life balance, organization, managers, flexibility, performance Introduction Flexible working hours and work life balance are important factors for organization, as it increases the motivation of the employees that leads to high quality output (Purce, 2014). Many organizations are focused on reducing the cost of the organization through redesigning the organizational operation. They are focused on reducing the pay rolls, as it is the costliest things for the organization. On the other hand, many other organizations are interested in providing better work life balance to the employees for reducing redundancies (Storey, 2014). These kinds of organizations are providing flexible working hours to the employees for giving more space in their personal life. The meaning of work-life-balance is different in different organizations as per their needs. The study will discuss the justification of Juliet Bourke on her statement that flexibility has been moved away from its original paradigm. Apart from that, the study will also describe the implication of excessive worki ng hours on the performance of the employees and manager. The study will demonstrate the way the employers could facilitate work-life-balance on the time of economic downturn. Discussion In the previous era, talent acquisition was as kind of war for the employers, whereas now the employer seems to be reluctant in this area regarding their investment (Jiang et al., 2012). Nowadays, employers are highly focused on arranging the work, reducing the week of the work and initiating part time work with enhanced flexibility so that the organization could retain their employees for a longer time. Therefore, some employers are now doing foreseeable reduction in the staff of the organization, which is leading to an opportunity for redesigning the job roles and making the criteria of the job in such as way that simultaneously make the work life and personal life of the employees balanced. Juliet Bourke is not entirely satisfied with the reshaping of flexibility of the work. Juliet Bourke has argued that though workplace flexibility could minimize the overhead of the employees, the motive of workplace flexibility has been shifted and it is not in favor of betterment. As per Julie t Bourke, flexibility in todays organization is all about extracting more from fewer employees and it is very different from previous paradigm. The employer of organization may use economic crisis as the best opportunity for using work flexibility in a vicious way. The employers may reduce the time of work for some employees who are not needed at that time and put additional workload to some other employees that increases working time on those employees leading to overload of work (Alfes et al., 2013). Therefore, workplace flexibility is not ensuring win-win situation for the employees as well as employers in most cases. The intension of workplace flexibility is to benefit the people of the organization both horizontally and vertically, some organizations still need to develop sustainable solutions towards workplace flexibility and redesigning of work. While considering downturn, a situation might happen, where demand for client could be decreased (Buller McEvoy, 2012). Because of this downturn, the working hours for the employees might be reduced with flexible work environment and making work life balance of the employees. The prime element of this approach involves inclusive program of employee assistance and employees flexibility that assists in developing the adaptive, diverse and high performing workforce. These kinds of employees assist in meeting the existing and future needs of the organization. Leave options and voluntary lithe work provided by the organization may lead to reduced redundancy (Jiang et al., 2012). The organization may provide salary and wage according to the leave attended by the employees. Irrespective of strong culture in work life balance, some organizations inescapably need redundancy in workplace. However, the executive and high-level management has identified the benefit of work-life-balance strategi es and thus they have explored many new ways for balancing the work life and personal life of the employees minimizing the cost of the organization as well as redundancies. On the other hand, work-life-balance is related to provide effective working ways to the employees of all types of employees in terms of part time and full time. Frequent redundancies come in flexible working condition, natural attrition and redeployment when there is downturn in the organizations. In such cases, the employees have to stay sprightly in their working areas. In future days, the economy might pick up and the demand of the employees might be increased by increasing the urge of talent acquisition. According to Kehoe and Wright, (2013), the employees of the organization have concept that they have to work very hard in downturn situation. On the other hand, Armstrong, (2014) opined that overload in work may influence the employee engagement of the organization. This may in turn negatively affect the discretionary effort and productivity of the employees. The intension of organizations in getting more output from fewer employees may not always be effective and productive of the organization due to lack of engagement of the employees. According to Waiganjo et al., (2012), in order for increasing the sales volume and saving the cost of the organization towards increasing the profitability, it is expected that the employees would do according to needs of the organization for acquiring the set outcome. On the other hand, Nyberg et al., (2012) opined that forcing employees to do job as per the ser ways of organization may disengaged the employees and increases the time of required for actually completing the task. Unless and until the organization brings structural efficiencies in the workplace against the redundancy program, they may restrict themselves in getting more output from fewer employees. Therefore, it can be said that workplace flexibility has been moved away from its original paradigm that is foreseeable. Advantages and disadvantages are associated with it but if this situation is properly handled by the organization it may provide effective work-life-balance to the workforce. In order to complete the task and maintain their responsibility, employees work in different way in the organization. According to the requirement of the organization, excessive work of the organization can be categorized into different ways namely overtime, extended commute time, stretched hour per day and overtime hours. According to Al Ariss et al., (2014), excessive working hours may have negative influence on the employees and even the people associated with the employees like their family, community and employers. On the other hand, Park and Shaw, (2013) opined that long working hours have complicated connection with risk, as long working hour strongly influenced through employee control, job, non-work responsibilities and social life abnormalities. The implication of excessive working hours may lead to high level of stress, sleeplessness, limited time for families and other associated personal responsibilities. Excessive working hours may also harmfully affect the human body, disorder, exhaustion, uncomfortable and negative attitude of the employees towards their job role. According to Pierce and Aguinis, (2013), the managers of the organizations may also be negatively affected by the excessive working hours of the employees. Due to long working hours, attrition rate of the employees may be increased and thus, it may lead to delay in production process. When there is delay in production process, the production cost of the organization is increased and therefore, it hampers the actual profitability of the organization. On the other hand, Campbell et al., (2012) opined that the manger also negative influenced by the long working hours of the employees. Due to excessive working hour, employees do not work in the organization eagerly and do not give their best for producing high quality products. In such a situation, lethargy of employees towards their job role lead to cheap and low quality products and services produced in the organization by the employees. The community also influenced by the stunted approach of the employees towards their life in terms of medical errors, industrial mishap and automobile accidents. According to Langley et al., (2013), excessive working hours for the employees, who works for 24 hours at a stretch, may lead to decline in attention, continuous attention and alertness that results in poor diagnosis of diseases. On the other hand, Vaiman et al., (2012) opined that excessive working hours and pressure causes stress of the employees and their neck nerves to be strained due to long sitting in their working areas. According to Purce, (2014), if the employees have to work for long hours at a stretch, it can negatively affect the health of the employees. On the other hand, Storey, (2014) opined that due to long working hours, the employees may feel demotivated in the workplace if the working hours is not compensated by incentives. In order to decrease the demotivation of the employees towards their job role, the higher authority of the organization should properly define the responsibilities of the employees and accordingly provide incentives on the accomplishment of the job. Therefore, if the employers want to make the employees for working for long hours, then the employees should be motivated well through catering their psychological matter and provided with incentives on extra works. In absence of this things, the employees may lose their effectivity and may not perform their job role efficiently through not maintaining their responsibility. According to Jiang et al., (2012), at the time of economic downturn, employers need to facilitate suitable exploitation of resources so that none of the asset is predominantly overburdened. For example, if an organization thinks of retaining only its core employees, then it will be able to restore its financial resources. On the other hand, if an organization tries to reduce its optional expenditures then it will be able to retrain capital for compensating its human resource. This is because if an organization fails to retain its employees at the time of economic downturn, then it will surely fail to allocate best experienced candidates at the time of economic boom. On the other hand, Jiang et al., (2012) argued that for work-life balance, an organization needs to diversify its earning capabilities, so that the effect of national economic doom does not affect the revenue pattern. Therefore, it can be said that the concerned organization needs to ensure international business so that exchange rate increases the earning capability. Finally, it can be said that if an organization is able to retain its revenue at the time of economic downturn, then it will be able to maintain work-life balance. According to Waiganjo et al., (2012), at the time of economic downturn, the unemployment rate increases, as organizations fail to pay a huge human resource. Organizations only try to retain best and experienced candidates so that amount of performance is not reduced with ineffective workers. On the other hand, Park and Shaw, (2013) pointed out that at the time of economic downturn, some multinational organizations try to ensure training and development of its existing employees so that at the time of economic boom, human resource deliver the optimum outcome. Therefore, from the argument it can be said that organizations need to train and develop its human resource at the time of economic downturn, which will in turn ensure how to maintain work-life balance. Employees will get ample training regarding how to maintain work pressure, which will help the organization to retain such human resource during economic boom. According to Nyberg et al., (2014), the main focus for the employers at the time of economic downturn must be employee retention. For such motive, employers need to ensure effective working hours, flexible shift timing and allowance for work-from-home. Campbell et al., (2012) added that employers need not to ensure monetary recognition or financial benefits, but rather needs to give flexibility to its employees. Armstrong, (2014) pointed out that work-life balance at the time economic doom certainly leads to negative business impact, but if the business units are increased, then the amount of collective revenue will remain unaltered. This will lead to work-life balance. Therefore, from the views of the authors it can be said that employers need to entertain employees by good relationship, flexible working hours and special shift timing. It has been quite sure that the most important factor that conceives employers at the time of economic doom is finance. Therefore, if the organizatio ns are able to reduce the financial benefits and focus on work-file balance by flexibility, then it will surely able to retain enormous employees. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that in todays organization, the time and hours of the employees is changing and this quick changes requires flexibility in the work environment for ensuring customer expectation through better product and service produced by the employees. In order to meet the business requirement, individual expectation of the employees should also be met through providing better work life balance. However, it has been found that some organizations are not providing better work-life-balance to the employees and making the employees work for excessive hours. Excessive working hours may have harmful effect on the health and personal life of the employees. Long working hours of employees may also negatively influence the employees through getting cheap and low quality products and service produced by the employees. In case of economic downturn of the organization, the managers of the organization should properly utilize human resources and consider the grieva nces of the employees so that effective and efficient productivity of the employees is maintained. References Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W. F., Paauwe, J. (2014). Talent management: Current theories and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), 173-179. Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., Soane, E. C. (2013). The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), 330-351. Armstrong, P. (2014). Limits and possibilities for HRM in an age of management accountancy.New Perspectives On Human Resource Management op. cit. at, 154-166. Buller, P. F., McEvoy, G. M. (2012). Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), 43-56. 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