Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Management - Essay ExampleAlso his duty is to prioritize things, send towards actions and behaviors and assign tasks and duties.Management is important to individuals because it teaches them to conduct their own selves in accordance with set codes and procedures. It also asks of them to die hard alert of the changes that be happening around them. Management is important as it ascertains their willingness towards different tasks and roles that are delegate upon them.Management is an art that is governed by only those population who make the best use of this skill in order to get the particular job done through their actions, behaviors and decisions. These undertakings are carried out by the people who work under the manager. Management is a very comprehensive aspect that entails within it scheduling tasks, prioritizing responsibilities and depute individual duties.The four functions of care are related as they come slightly in a particular sequence. Planning is the foremost fu nction without which no management activity can come about. Organizing makes veritable that whatever has been planned comes into a solid basis. Controlling takes care of the responsibilities and delegated duties upon the individuals, and lastly leading is a comprehensive duty that rests solely with the manager who is indeed the man in charge.Managers have quite a few resources that are available at their disposal. They have teams working under them. Also the financial aspects are taken care of by the managers as they prioritize things and thus look to settle problems which arise on a consistent basis. Other resources include the meeting up of organizational expenses, time management aspects and other management related concerns (Allen 1999).Resources related to production as there is a definite link between the two. If the resources are not made available, it is quite possible that the production for the sake of the organization would not come about in an easy way. Hence it is

FINANCIAL MARKET AND PRODUCT RISK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FINANCIAL commercialize AND PRODUCT RISK - Essay ExampleThe two of the stylized financial asset pricing manikin is Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Arbitrage Pricing theory (APT). The paper entrust be focusing on the critical evaluation of these two asset pricing models and will be analyzing the vindication of its use with that of a fund manager in the United Kingdom. Let us begin our tidings with the notion of these two models before plunging into their critical evaluation. Mechanics of CAPM The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) unquestionable by Sharp (1964), Linter (1965) and Mossin (1966) (Zhang & Wihlborg, 2004, p.1) assumes that stock returns are usu exclusivelyy evolved from one factor model which represents the foodstuff portfolio of all the risky assets. The theory is structured on the notion that it is an aggregation of the Portfolio theory and some additional ones. In the CAPM model, the concept of risk free asset resulted in the derivation of Capital Market Line which is referred to as the new efficient frontier. The equation for the CAPM model can be stated as follows is the required measure of return on a risky asset and it is a function of risk free treasure and risk premium . The merchandise risk premium is the difference between the return on the market and the risk free return. is crucial as it determines the predisposition of the stock market to that of the market which shows by what issue forth the price of a stock will fluctuate in specific fluctuations to that of the stock market (Zubairi et al, 2011, p.441). notwithstanding the critical point in the estimation of the CAPM. The model assumes that the return on a stock is restricted on whether the price of the stock follows the prices in the market as a whole. It is useful as it represents a statistical representation of the past risk. Although there is no certainty but a high opportunity will be attached to infer the statement that the companies which strong stock pri ce history will also performs in the future. The critical point in the estimation of the CAPM is the difficulty of measuring the true market portfolio (Donovan, 2007, p.3). The APT theory is a modified version of CAPM which is discussed in the following segment. Mechanics of APT unquestionable by Ross (1976) APT states that a large human activity of sources for risk are present in the scrimping which cannot be eliminated by the process of diversification (Iqbal & Haider, 2005, p. 121). The risks are thought to be of the factors like inflation, output fluctuations, pecuniary and monetary shocks. APT is modified than CAPM in the sense that it focuses on the measurement of a large number of Betas () than a single Beta which was calculated in CAPM model. The Betas are calculated by the estimation of the sensitivity of the return of the assets with respect to change in each factor. It possesses a linear relationship between the returns on risky assets and a small set of economy wide common factor. The equation is given as follows Here, is the expected return of the ith stock. Fj represent the unobserved economic factors and bij represent the sensitivity of the security i to that of the economic factors j and ?I is the stochastic parameter known as the uncontrolled factor (Donovan, 2007, p.3). Now let us analyze which model a fund manager sitting in the UK will be adapting. Characteristics of the shares traded in the London Stock exchange The companies whose shares are traded in the London Stock Exchange divert largely where the smallest companies are valued

Toxic Asset (Business Law) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

toxicant Asset (Business Law) - Essay ExampleToxic assets are also known as dead assets because they have been utilized in the past and they are of no more value at present. Toxic assets had a value at some record in time (Smith, 2010). Toxic assets do not have any present value whereas legion(predicate) people, who have such assets, believe that their toxic assets are still of the same value as they had in the past. However, the reality of the value of those toxic assets is quite different.Toxic assets often result in minimizing the liquid state of the organizations that feature such assets. It is because of the fact that toxic assets have no clear value and if the financial organizations such as savings banks acquire a large number of toxic assets assuming them to be of great value, minimal liquidity occurs because the value of the assets does not increase in reality, rather it just increases in the bankbooks. The banks find it very surd to denounce the assets in order to get the blocked money stand in hands. Toxic assets are neither good for financial organizations nor for the economy of a country. They are worthless for the banking institutions as it becomes difficult for the banks to sell them to some other person at a reasonable price. Even if the financial sector of a country attempts to cope with toxic assets, the result is most likely to be the radical freefall of the countrys economy.Toxic asset is a form of Mortgage-Backed securities. Mortgage-Backed securities include loans that are given by a bank to a person to help the person build his own house. Banking institutions provide loan to the people, which is taken back from them along with interest on monthly basis. The repayment of loans to the banks is not an easy process for the people as the repayment is composed of high interest and the principal amount. When the people are not left with nice money to repay the loans to the banks due to increased sub-prime mortgage interest rates, the cycle stops and

Sonnet Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sonnet Poetry - Essay ensampleThe rime has fourteen rhymed lines. Each of the lines consists of ten syllables. Per se, this is the basic form of the sonnet. It also has a intermixture of rhymes that count to seven pairs altogether (Raymond & Alden). The poem is printed as an unbroken fourteen-liner rather than ii sections of the eight lines and six lines. However, it is still possible to observe an octave and a sestet in the poem with a definite turn between them. The main introductory word between them is the word scarce. Sonnet 18 follows the structure of many English poems where it is divided lines of roughly ten syllables with five stresses (Raymond & Alden).The sonnet is also written in iambic form. It is observable that there are lines of poetry that repeatedly habit an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Shakespeare utilized rhythm in his works. The rhythm often conditions the slosheds in which the reader reads the poem. Per se, it also shapes the mean ing within which, a reader deduces from the poem. Sonnet 18 has third ways it can be red, an octave, a sestet and also a three quatrains. Three quatrains mean three units of four lines followed by a closing couplet of two rhymed lines (Raymond & Alden).Sonnet 18 makes an immediate comparison between the poets friend and the beauty of a summers day. The poet uses the simile technique of comparing items. There are other lines that make use of metaphor to bring break through the meaning such s line five. In line five, the sun becomes the eye of heaven (Raymond & Alden). The metaphor is also extended to line six where the sun becomes a human face with a dandy complexion. He also talks about summer and says that it is not going to fade away. But thy gross(a) summer shall not fade. Comparing summer with youth is a perfect method of depicting optimism. It should be noted that winter is considered as a bad weather in which the sky is bleak the rescind is cold while summers are its

Food revolution(Writing Class) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Food revolution(Writing Class) - Essay ExampleNot except do they increase the number of diseases affecting the people, they also contribute to the rise for money spent on medical services. As such, people should have a food revolution because they are eating likewise much un salubrious food. This revolution should focus on the utilisation of fresh food, people avoiding the use of additives in their foods, avoiding consuming genetically modified foods and avoiding highly processed foods.Although different people, especially nutritionists and medical experts advocate for the consumption of healthy foods and focusing on healthy eating habits, it is not necessary for people to have a food revolution. Despite the awareness of the various effects that unhealthy foods have on people, it is the choice of all individual to make their own decisions regarding the kind of food they wish to have. It is by choice that people opt to eat healthy food. People have adequate information on the dan gers of unhealthy eating, yet they repel this information, thus increasing their chances of developing diet related complications. As nobody forces people to eat healthy food, they will eat anything they wish. The availability of the foods is one of the major contributing concomitantors to this reality. The more corporations roll out and kick upstairs for new products, people buy them, regardless of whether they are healthy or not. Thus, the blame should not all told lie on the consumers alone, but the manufacturers too. Some love tasty food raced with additives and additional sugars. These are subtle to their health. However, because it is by choice that they take these foods, they will eat them oblivious of their impact in their bodies.Despite the fact that people will eat whatever they like owing to their personal choices, there is every emergency for a food revolution across the world. People are eating too much quarrel food at home and school. As Oliver in the article, T each every child about

How would you create a healthy, holistic atmosphere for children that Research Paper

How would you create a healthy, holistic atmosphere for children that addresses their physical, cognitive, and socioemotional ne - Research piece of music ExampleThe t distributivelyer serves as a facilitator rather than an instructing headman, and this aids the students in better communicating with the teacher and with other members of the group, and in causeting an improved understanding of complicated problems related to their curriculum. An ideal curriculum would take over the students focus not only on the theoretical segment of the subject but also upon the operable objectives that can also be applied to their personal and professional lives (Adamson). A healthy, holistic atmosphere encourages the students to buy the farm in groups in an informal environment where teacher does not act as a boss or a dictator rather, the students act as their own instructors. They discuss the topic among themselves ask each other questions and, try to come up with the best possible solutio ns. This way, they learn to better communicate with peers and get to know each other better along with achieving a clearer concept slightly the topic in hand. An ideal environment should so much keep the student occupied with the topic that they want to check-out procedure in the class even after the class is over so that they can argue about the uncertain concepts with the teacher.

Introducing Paulaner Beer in Indonesia (Demographics sections) Research Paper - 1

Introducing Paulaner Beer in Indonesia (Demographics sections) - Research subject ExampleMuslim population, the issue of alcohol consumption in Indonesia has raised debates in the country for a long time with the current debate revolving on the possibility of banning intoxicating drinks in the country. Although the stray of alcohol consumption in the country remains relatively high, strong Islamic beliefs held by nigh Indonesians has made it difficult for investors to invest in alcoholic beverages. Consequently, most alcoholic beverages consumers in Indonesia are tourists. However, nigh Indonesian youths engage in alcohol drinking although this is mostly restricted to urban areas (Grant 98).The countrys ban on alcohol publicize on media would also mean that Paulaner has limited platform on which to market its products. As a way of regulating alcohol consumption, the government of Indonesia in 1990 banned alcohol advertising on media which has since made it difficult for new e ntries in the market to thrive. Other forms of alcohol advertising in the country are also governed by strict rules further making it difficult to come home new markets.Laws on certification on alcoholic products in Indonesia are also strict and rear involve a long process before one gets a license. The country further classifies alcoholic beverages in the closed business field meaning that commercialization of any business related to alcoholic beverages is illegal (Grant 98). Consequently, businesses in this industry are restricted from expansion through investment. When the above factors combine, they present a significant challenge to any investor planning to invest the alcoholic beverages industry in Indonesia.Among the factors that might negatively impact on a business is poor quality products coupled with poor customer services. evenly detrimental is the effect of negative actions by an employee within a business more so when it comes to relations with clients. Additionall y, irresponsible financial management that includes ill-advised investment can also impact on a

Is Behavioral Treatment of Obesity Effective Essay - 2

Is Behavioral Treatment of Obesity Effective - Essay ExampleApart from the high greet of treating and managing obesity and the colligate health effects, the high prevalence of obesity increases morbidity and mortality. The obesity problem has attracted square attention from multiple stakeholders including governments, health sector, and researchers. This has resulted in the identification of potential treatment strategies, most of which are related to preventive treatment. One of the proposed preventive treatment approaches for obesity is behavioural treatment. Apparently, obesity is widely regarded as a lifestyle health condition that can be effectively managed through altering our lifestyles. With the real health and cost effects of managing obesity, it is important to consider the effectiveness of proposed treatment approaches. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether behavioral treatment of obesity is effective by analyzing three peer-reviewed articles on the same su bject.This article presents the details of an experimental study that sought to compare the effectiveness of behavioral treatment for obesity using three spoken communication methods including via the internet, in-person, and a hybrid of the internet and in-person. The researchers primary purpose of the study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of delivering a comprehensive behavior treatment for obesity using the three methods. The secondary purpose was the evaluation of sensed social support and treatment adherence to the three treatment delivery methods. To realize these, the researchers recruited 481 overweight self-aggrandizing participants for the longitudinal study which lasted for a period of six months (Harvey-Berino et al., 2010).

Gender, Trade and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender, Trade and faith - Essay ExampleAccording to Drislane and Parkinson, Patriarchy is liter anyy rule by the father but loosely it refers to a social situation where men are dominant over women in wealth emplacement and in all other aspects (Online Dictionary of the Social Sciences). Since the time of creation women had been assigned the natural federal agency of childbearer, homemaker and pleaser of their husbands every whim. She didnt chose, she was chosen. As in the case of biblical Leah and Rachel who were some(prenominal) given to Jacob in exchange of 14 years of labor. Or in the case of Rebekah, who was given to Isaac in exchange for gold, silver and other jewelries (Genesis 2916-28). For thousands of millenia, the lot of women had been dictated by Patriarchy. When men had discovered that by bartering and trading, gargantuan profits could be amassed, women were either given apart by their fathers in exchange for something high-priced or they served as courtesans to t he foreign traders more or lessly with the knowledge and blessing of the fathers (Whitfield 133 ). To my opinion, this inhumane status of women being either given, bartered or rented by the hour as a result of international trade and contacts by the indigen populace with foreign merchants, soldiers and other kibitzers is the most inte take a breathing and important idea that we can put advancing regarding gender relations in history. In the Indian epic poem of Ramayana, 2Sita was given remote in marriage to Rama because Rama succeeded in wielding the mighty bow of Siva a possession of Sitas father, King Janaka (Narayan 23). In utter obeisance to paternal pressure, Sita acceded. In The Analects of Confucius, out of 20 chapters of desiderata that compel the men to keep up or avoid, only four sentences pertained to women, two of them were outright shocking to modern civilization. One says The Master verbalize of Kung-ye Chang that he might be wived.Accordingly, he gave him his i nduce daughter to wife and Of Nan Yung.He gave him the daughter of his own elder brother to wife (Confucius chapter 5). Confucianism then, was the worst because women were non bartered or exchanged but outrightly given away gratis et amore. In the African Igbo tribe in Nigeria where polygamy is being practiced by men, women are not allowed to choose their husbands but they are given away after negotiations by groups representing both sides (Achebe xxx ).Since the capable matter of this paper involves gender relations as a result of international trade which similarly result to the spread of religion, nothing else illustrates this situation better than the Silk Road of olden days as all 3 elements are interlaced together.We therefore focus on the Silk Road phenomenon.The Silk Road is one of the worlds most important and oldest trade route leading to ancient China. It was made possible because ancient China peculiarly during the Han Dynasty was reputed to be the wealthiest and the most civilized among all nations and it had so many important and useful products to offer to the rest of humanity. Some of these are silk, porcelain, jade, lacquer ware, pearls, rubies, diamonds, satin, musk and rhubarb (Wood 9, 13-23).

Issues in contemporary management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Issues in contemporary prudence - Essay ExampleIn fact, some economic pundits project that the economy of China may go on that of the U.S. in the next few decades. However, despite all these good fortunes, research indicates that China has non better the working conditions for its actors to ensure their satisfaction (FoxNews.com 2012). This is because the government appears not to have enacted adequate laws to protect its labor phalanx from unethical employers if media reports are anything to go by. The countrys media has describe several incidences of labor unrest in many companies in the country, which generally points at poor working conditions and rights violations by employers. For instance, the media has reported several instances of dangerous tendencies by orchard apple tree workers according to Green (2012). What is certain is that most workers at Apple resort to self-annihilation when the management is not ready and willing to listen to their grievances and take actio n. Such behaviors by management finish be termed unethical because it shows lack of managements commitment to the workers welfare and benefit (Gayle 2012). This paper will examine the contemporary management issues at Apple in China in light of the high incidences of suicide in the company over the last few years. It is undisputable that Apple products command very high demand in the world. Nevertheless, the working conditions at most of its supply ambit appears wanting if the number of suicides and labor unrest organism experienced at its supply chains in Chain are anything to go by. For instance, Foxconn Company, one of the main manufacturers of Apple products in China has been making headlines mostly for bad reasons (He 2009). This is because a year hardly passes without labor unrest being reported. Reports indicate that most of the workers at Apple supply chains have been protesting through threats of suicide while opposite go to the extent of not just threatening, but by c ommitting suicide. What is worrying is that the trend has been in orchestrate for quite some time now unabated. Ramzy (2012) reports that at least 14 workers committed suicide at Foxconn in the year 2010. However, Qiang (2012) also noted the number has so far risen to 18 succeeding(a) two reported cases of suicide with the last case having been reported on 14 June. However, to make dull worse, the company appears not to have learnt anything from the past suicides that have been committed in the company. This is because Moore (2012) recently reported some other mass protest by least 150 Foxconn workers who were threatening to commit mass suicide in the company over poor working conditions in the company. Moore (2012) reported that the workers climbed on the rooftop of the factory in their poetry before threatening suicide. However, the management of the company pleaded with them before being coaxed away. Moore (2012) reveals that the protest began on 2 January 2012 hobby a move by the managers of Foxconn Company to shift close to 600 employees to new production lines. However, the managers are reported to have made this move without providing enough training to the workers to be able to handle the new tasks they were being given (Ramzy 2012). In addition, one of the protesters said that as much as this was being done, they were being paid just piecemeal (McGrath 2012). The protesters stated that the salaries they were being offered by the company have made them poorer than they were before since it does not commensurate with the living standards of the

Argument for and against the Use of Death Penalty in Contemporary Amer Essay

Argument for and against the Use of Death punishment in Contemporary America - Essay ExampleOne of the opinions that support the implementation of the shoemakers last punishment against capital offenders is its effectiveness in eliminating the criminals from the society. This effectively reduces rates of capital crimes by permanently eliminating the criminals from the targets. As remote to imprisonment that often allows the criminals back to the society to induce high probability of further crimes, death penalty ensures complete elimination of the criminals from the society and hence reduces the rates of such crimes. The death penalty also identifies an frugal advantage to the government that can then save its limited financial resources for amicable utilities instead of utilize the resources to maintain individuals who have been detrimental to the societys return. It, therefore, allows the government to focus on a hit interest of providing the societys utilities instead of d ividing resources toward meeting utilities and maintaining individuals who have been detrimental to the governments utility initiatives.The death penalty should also be implemented because of its retri besidesion effect that not only punishes crimes but also derives utility from achieved justice to victims of capital crimes. Relatives and close friends of a murder victim will, for example, derive social and emotional utility from a death penalty against the murderer besides the general good of a safer society. The death penalty has also been supported for its effectiveness in discouraging criminals. This is major because people concern death and the associated pain. A person will, therefore, be more rational to refrain from a crime that attracts death penalty for fear of losing his or her own life as representd to crimes that only attract fines or imprisonment, penalties that do not physically affect the criminals lives.There are however a number of augments that oppose implementa tion of the death penalty.

Company Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Company Research - Assignment ExampleThe company will be sponsoring FIFA macrocosm cup, it is launching a new website and it has over 400 offices in the US.Farmers insurance Inc. is an insurance company base in Los Angeles but with sub branches all over the nation. It deals with insurance and its contact information is https//www.farmers.com/careers.html and 1-800-435-7764. I would standardised to be a customer relations person as the job is flexible and I would be my own boss. This is the positive aspect but the negative oneness is that the company requires all employees to own cars. It has one of its values as curiosity, it hires fresh graduates and it has numerous agents with easy contact.The best company to work for is Google not however because its the best in Fortune 500 in 2013 but also because of its great last which is the positive aspect of the company. Google is a search engine whose contact information is http//www.google.com/about/company/ and promise number is +1 650-253-0000. It is located in Mountain View California. The best job position is on the circumspection team because of the power and authority not to mention prestige. Its negative aspect is the wavering working hours. It is owned by young people, serves millions worldwide and was founded in

Contract law research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Contract law - Research Paper ExampleAs antecedent menti wizardd, a push refers to a relationship of exchange that is either written or oral arrangement between persons. This relationship contains single or more promises, which are legally enforceable. Several crucial elements are reflected by this definition of a contract. They include the following the first element of an indenture is that, it is an agreement that is either written or oral between a minimum of two persons. This element implies that one cannot muddle a contract with oneself. The relationship in a contract is consensual and voluntary, meaning that no one is coerced to sign a contract. Even, though, the minimum number of people required in signing a contract is two, the transaction can involve a limitless number of parties. The parties create a contract with invention and free will to be bound, and they reach an agreement concerning vital provisions of the relationship. A contractual pact is distinguished fro m other legal duties by the agreement element. The second element is that a contract is a relationship of exchange that is based on the principle of offer and acceptance. This element emphasizes that the parties who enter in to a contract are bound together by the by a commodity that they are exchanging. minimum interaction is involved in a number of contractual relationships (Blum, 2007). For instance, if an psyche enters into a contract to ware his hair cut, the barber will perform a quick activity of trimming his hair and the individual will honor his obligation by paying for the services. These two activities will mark the end of the contractual relationship. On the contrary, contractual relationships like supply contracts or leases could last for several years, and the parties involved engaging into invariant dealings that are controlled by the provisions stated in the agreement. A contract relationship has an inbred purpose which is exchange. Society and the economy requi re the trade of intangible rights, services and property. These exchanges are regulated and facilitated by a contract as part of its chief role. Therefore, a contract carries with it the principle of reciprocity, in which one must part with something to get something back. The third essential element is that a contract should have a minimum of one promise, which is made with a hope of being honored in a afterwards date as per the agreements. A contract is not constituted in the instantaneous exchanges, even though they involve a trade and are consensual (Blum, 2007). A promise, therefore, goes beyond the agreement instance as a future commitment. If both parties honor their side of the commitment at the expiry of the agreed duration, thence there will be no need of involving the law in contracts. Contract law comes in incase of breach of contractual agreement by either of the parties. Last but not least, a contract has an

-High school graduates should take a year off (a gap year) before Essay

-High school graduates should take a year reach (a gap year) before entering university - Essay ExampleThis makes them appreciate cultural diversity, and as a result, they are able to interact with other educatees from distinguishable cultural backgrounds (Griffith 220)b) Some of the students get a chance to kick the bucket to other foreign places which provides them an opportunity to learn different cultures that are different from their own. The travelling also offers a chance to earn m unrivaledy and learn new languages.3. a) It provides an opportunity to save m unmatchedy. In this economic crisis, the spicy-school graduates bring in income-generating activities that provide money to pay college tuition and offset other expenses (White 54).b) The students save money in the form of having a clear objective in what courses to take in college. This enables them to avoid four or much years of wasted money and time spent on aimless drifting from one course to another.4. a) The gap year increases the chance of a student admission to college of choice. The break-off year gives one a chance to take part in other extra-curricular activities that give leverage to ones admission chances. During college admissions, a part of factors are considered besides the students score and teacher recommendation (White 53).b) The factors may include volunteering for a cause or organization, or learning of a foreign language, for example, for two student applicants with high students score and appropriate recommendations from the teachers, the one with extra experience in matters non academic stands a high chance of being admitted compared to his counterpart.III Conclusion As I conclude, it is evident that the year gap does more good than harm to a high-school graduate. Students with the experience of a year gap bring a different aspect to classes. Majority of the students who have taken a year gap, are of the opinion, that they learned more during the one year compared to the total time they have spent in a college class.

IT Managing Business Knowledge and Decision Making Coursework

IT Managing Business Knowledge and Decision Making - Coursework manikinThis blend assists the communication, cognitive processs and advancements in an organization and links its melody activities. This is done through an extensive physical exertion of the data processor software, data constructs, computer hardware, programming languages, databases and other related components. These components enable a widespread dispersion of the messages on a mass level across all the communication channels. Many modern organizations depo stupefy on a vast utilization of the information technology in order to render it business operations and function. One of such(prenominal) big organizations is Tesco Plc which forms and leads a huge network of the retail monetary funds operating in various part of the world. This in organization has been operating in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world since 1919 and has been ranked as the worlds third largest retailer. Other retailers such as Wal securities industry follow Tesco in their rankings and services and operations. This Britain-based company having more than 500,000 employees and over 4,000 stores manage its huge base of employees and operation in effectives and decentralized structure (Clemens, 2001). The usage of IT plays an important role in the extensive operations, management and regime of Tesco Plc. Many advanced systems and technological equipments bring been installed at the company for the purpose of the management of its functions. Some of the examples of such systems include the usage of sophisticated software such as Finance and HR software issue chain management systems, order processing and scheduling systems and types of communication technology. Besides this, the company utilizes the advanced allegiance cards and car insurance policy quoting systems. The Tescos own Tesco Personal Finance system (TPF) allows it to schedule its workforce, and perform food labeling and loan application hand ling systems. Every checkout in the Tescos store manages its Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS) systems and uses computer system in the operation and handling of Tescos services (Verner, 2000). This usage of IT has a huge impact on the profitability, operations and revenue generation of the company. One of the major ways in which the IT implementation impacts Tesco Plc is increase in the productivity gains and reduction in its costs of production. The customers obtain from Tesco retail stores do not have to go out and but the products. Instead they can sit at home and purchase online through web. Since, the market has become easily accessible to the customers, the productivity gains have increased in the form of customer retention, sales, revenues and other related factors. Besides this, a wide pass of purchases are made without any hassle. Moreover, the company can cut their costs of advertisement, EPOS has reduced the exercise of the members of staff, and only a few people need t o be trained for few short computer and software trainings in the organization. Moreover, the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization is enhanced due to the less wastage and least gemination of the material and human resources of the organization (Clemens, 2001). Besides all the beneficial factors, the features and components of the information technology, such as computer, profit and other databases assist the company to manage its operations and functions. There is a better and

The Importance of Regular Asthma Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Importance of Regular Asthma Review - examine ExampleThe extent of the narrow. Asthma has a signifi earth-closett impact on childrens health nationally 5% of GP consultations for Children relate to asthma. Evidence suggests that the long-term future for children with .Persistent uncontrolled asthma is relatively poor, with most act to experience .Symptoms into adulthood, and that prevention, early intervention and powerful long-term .Every year if your symptoms atomic number 18 well controlled or more(prenominal) often if your symptoms are difficult to control.Within 48 hours of a serious asthma attack to wanton away sure your symptoms are better controlled. You also need another review one to two weeks afterwards a serious attack to make sure your symptoms are back under control.Blood drag Both high and low pressure has affected our health badly. High bloodline pressure can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Having a yearly blood pressure political campaign will provide your health care professional with a baseline aim to compare during concomitant visits. Once you are noteed of not having the normal blood pressure it is better to check up on a mending basis.Cholesterol level Every adult should have the cholesterol level checked occasionally. A high blood cholesterol level is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease. If it is high more specific tests like HDL and LDL cholesterol levels can be done. With increasing age, the risk decreases and is usually not recommended for veryelderly patients.Chest X-ray X-rays can be done to detect lung abnormalities (tuberculosis, emphysema or lung genus Cancer) early enough to initiate a successful treatment plan.Prostate checks are suggested in men from about fifty years of age onwards. The doctor can check the coat and texture of the gland by a rectal examination every year or so. It is a good opportunity to discuss whether there are any urinary stream difficulties. Any problems with urinary flow require a full assessment, sometimes requiring referral to a urologist. A prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test may also be recommended this test may help to detect an early cancer of the prostate. During a general check-up, men can also be instructed on how to examine their testicles for lumps.Pap smearsare recommended in all women who have had intercourse. They should be done every two years up to the age of at least 70 years. Unfortunately, there is a large group of middle-aged women who are not having regular Pap smears. This is a great worry because these women are at risk of developing cancer of the cervix. jr. women do seem more tuned-in to the importance of regular smears. Breast examination can also be discussed and mammograms arranged if required.Asthma needs to be monitored continually to determine the minimum level of medication that offers effective symptom control. Once the symptoms are under control, regular assessment and monitoring are needed to

Found Dog Flyer Essay Example for Free

arrange Dog Flyer EssayAccording 2013 IPCC Status Report on Climate Change, clime qualify is occurring due to global warming. Observational evidence is coming back from all continents and most oceans, And it shows that many instinctive systems atomic number 18 being affected by regional climate changes particularly temperature increases.There is much scientific data backing the (intergovernmental panel on climate change) with conclusions and facts, found on changes in weather patterns (increase temperatures, changes in snow and ice including, permafrost) also according to findings there is a high confidence that natural irrigate systems, be also affected including, enlargement and change magnitude numbers of glacial lakes, settlements in mountain regions argon at high risk of outburst floods caused by melting glaciers. Governmental institutions in some areas are responding to the problems caused by global climate changes by building drainage networks and dams. The clima te changes also lead to increasing volatility in storms and wild fires, droughts, and reduced energy demands and increasing sea levels.The aspects of climate change we are certain of are as follows, increased water availability in dampish tropics and high latitudes, and decreasing water availability and increasing drought in mid-latitudes and semi-arid low latitudes, hundreds of millions of stack exposed to increased water stress causing localized negative impacts on small cable and coastal areas, and increased damage from floods and storms, and leading to erosion in coastal areas in addition based on satellite observations since the early 1980s there is high confidence that there has been a panache in many regions towards earlier greening ( measured by the normalized difference vegetation index) Of vegetation in the spring linked to longer thermal growing seasons due to recent warming. About which we are indefinite is many of the long term effectuate of climate change.The main factors determining climate change are carbon dioxide and pH levels in the environment, and are mainly a result of human activity with factors such as carbon emissions. The report states phenomenon and directions of trends and, passes assumptions based on past trends are believed to wide spread effects on water systems but not limited to in addition to food and water shortages, increased death food and water borne diseases and wide spread erosion. Many assumptions are made based only if on passed trends I feel some of are inconclusive due to the lack of data in the report to support. And in conclusion This is my first time in a college class like this and everything is impertinent to me and I need a lot more research to draw any more conclusions, and I am uncertain of information that is missing to support more of the causes.

Lord Of The Flies Chapter 5 Essay Example for Free

Lord Of The Flies Chapter 5 experimentThe boys life has deteriorated a tie since they starting arrived on the island and from the look of the spatial relation social occasions can only touch on worse unless they change their behaviour and attitude . There is a lot of contradict between Ralph and Jack, the alarm of the unknown is growing, the boys ar turning into savages and becoming more uncivilised by the day, rules and taboos are universe disobeyed and do by, and hector and rivalry is becoming more of a problem. The conflict between Ralph and Jack is causing a lot of tension in the group and is at t eyelid placefore affecting the boys lives. It has already divided them into separate groups with different priorities as some hit followed Jack and some drive home followed Ralph. Jack and Ralphs different priorities is the main reason for the conflict between them as they are completely opposite.Jack wants control and started of wanting to be leader scarcely was ou t done by Ralph who was voted the leader. Jack is short tempered and very big headed where as Ralph is realistic, amiable hearted and organised. Ralphs main priority is to be rescued and have fun have fun on the island. Their kindred is described in the book as two continents of experience and baffled in love and hate. Their record excessively clash as they are completely different. Ralph is optimistic, respectful, fair, practical and nave, where as Jack is arrogant, boastful, cater hungry, self centred, easily angered and brutal.The boys fear of the unknown is represented in different ways moreover is rapidly growing and could get out of hand. It started of as being a beastie, then a serpent like creature, and now a beast from water or all the same a ghost. At frontmost it was only the litluns that were scared of the beastie and believed it existed further now the older boys are starting to get worried and have their doubts so none of the quite knows what to believe. Eve n Ralph has his doubts about what the thing is and he is supposed to be leader, I dont believe in ghosts at least I dont think so. This comment from Ralph shows that he is now considering there being some type of creature on the island even though he just dismiss the idea at the beginning.Deterioration has alike been caused by the boys becoming totally uncivilised and turning into savages. Although they are now looking like savages as their hair has grown, Jack is mainly responsible for them turning into savages. He was so obsessed with hunting to kill that he influenced the other boys that became his hunters. At the beginning they hunted but did not manage to kill for a ling time. Then when Jack finally did he became even more obsessed and made masks that he could hide behind while hunting, the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack lived.This made Jack a different person when he throw off on the mask, he was a killer with no taboos or responsibilities. Jacks passion f or hunting also caused a major disagreement between him and Ralph because on the day a ship went by the crowd out was let out by boys that Jack made go hunting with him that day. Ralph said to Jack when he got back There was as ship, you let the fire out. There was a strong chance that they whitethorn have been rescued then but down to Jack they ended up eating their first pig. From successfully killing his first pig Jack felt very strong and had fulfilled his aspiration so did not really care about the fire or Ralph.Rules have been completely ignored lately and systems of organisation disrespected. This has led to the boys becoming lazy and uncivilised. At one point things were going vigorous and most things were well organised. There was toilet system worked out so there was not jumble all over the island and water was being stored in coconut shells in the shade so hat it would be cool and fresh.Though now these systems have been ignored and the boys are going to the toilet a nyplace on the island and no water is being stored. Ralph also tried to built shelters for them to sleep in which would have been practical but Simon was the only one that would help in the end so they could not be completed. This shows how disorganised the boys have become and disrespectful. They have no taboos and without adults they have forgotten the way they had to behave.Bullying has also become a problem that has led to a deterioration in the boys life. Jack consistently picks on Piggy and uses him as scapegoat for his own mistakes. He makes little of Piggy and by doing this he is assay to show that he has power over the boys as well as Ralph. The litluns are also being ignored and sometimes bullied by the elder boys. Although this might have happened a bit before they arrived on the island but there were still taboos that the older boys had.All these reasons have led to deterioration in the boys life. Their behaviour on the island has had consequences and meant that their l ives have become less structured and disciplined and more savage like. Ralph described the situation by saying, we are all drifting and things are turning rotten. This shows us that the boys are drifting obscure and could possibly separate into different groups completely which would also make their life deteriorate more.

Ethical Issues in Work Groups Essay Example for Free

ethical Issues in Work Groups set aboutTherapeutic twitch, unlike undue pressure, enables members of a group to help each other discover their singular answers without pressurizing them to accept the answers deemed appropriate by the group. Group thinking enhances unanimity, mental efficiency and moral judgement that ar appropriate which each person (William, 1995). In the first five sessions, the leader acted ethically since he provided healthy time to explore the views, fears, expectations and interpersonal relationships of the members.He also told them about the risks of potential changes that may occur by and by the session and assessed their preparedness. However, the leader failed the ethical test in the sixth session by asking Kevin to split romantic feelings towards Lydia yet she was not his partner (Jameson, 2001). Kevin had already confessed that it was against his religious convictions and commitment on monogamous relationship. He failed to respect Kevins valu es and imposed his own belief on the client.If I was Ryans co-leader, I would have delayed the role-play experiment until such a time when we could have gathered enough tuition that does not compromise the values of each individual. In addition, giving Kevin an ultimatum to complete his assignment was undue pressure since it conflicted with his values and the duties he was given (Herlihy Corey, 2005). Although a group leader might have been faced with the dilemma of identifying personal issues that do not conflict with other members, he had to perform a thorough scope check to get enough information that could have enabled him to make informed decisions (McKee, 2004).This would have enabled him to respect the heathen diversity present within group members. To develop Kevins assertiveness, I would have invited Hannah and coached Kevin on how he ought to treat her in his first assignment. If this does not prove effective, Kevins partner should then be include in the counselling s essions so that the leader can evaluate the source of the problem in the relationship. References Herlihy, B. , Corey, G. (2005).ACA Ethical Standards Casebook. Alexandria, VA, American Counselling Association Jameson, R. (2001). Foundations of Ethical Practice in Psychology. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates McKee, L. (2004). A Historical aspect Approach for Practicing Managers to Improve Ethics. daybook of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 9, p. 22-24 William, G. (1995). Ethical and legal Issues in Group Counselling. Journal of Ethics and Behavior, Vol. 5, p. 10

SELF ESTEEM & SOCIAL ANXIETY Essay Example for Free

SELF prise SOCIAL ANXIETY EssaySelf Esteem and Social AnxietyThe train searched measures of self- esteem and affable worry using self-report. Social Anxiety Disorder is someone who has the fear of being neighborly with anyone or anything, said (Rasmussen and Pidgeon, 2011). Low egoism is a cause of Social Anxiety Disorder. Research stated that on that point is evidence that individuals with affable anxiety show low self-esteem (Baumeister Twenge, 2003). (Kocovski and Endlers, 2000) Social anxiety showed that low self-esteem had a gain in fears of negative evaluation, which in turn showed gains in social anxiety. A person who checks themself in a negative way will think that others are of the equal opinion, and this anticipation of negative evaluation of the self might result in anxiety in social situations (Kocovski Endler, 2000).It was hypothesized that higher levels of mindfulness would significantly prognosticate higher levels of self- esteem. Recent auditional evidence has shown that mindfulness buffers self-esteem from negatively valenced social experiences, which in turn reduces defensive reactions to social threats. It was hypothesized that higher self- esteem would significantly predict lower social anxiety. It was predicted that mindfulness indirectly predicted lower social anxiety via self-esteem. (Fennel Jenkins, 2004) In this experiment it was an experiment to chaffer the levels of low or high self- esteem, which would inflict a difference on social anxiety. The represent age for this was 23.1 years old. The standard deviation was 6.72. In this experiment the percent of female students was 59%. at that place were coefficients ranging from 0.82- 0.86 in unalike studies. Results showed higher increases in self- esteem and said there were lower levels of social anxiety. This study for future tense research can be questioned like what variables influence the effectiveness in mindfulness pull in relation to self-esteem and socia l anxiety?These three different study groups could not ramify on treatment dropout also families were more intrigued by GANA and PCIT, instead of TAU. We even hypothesized that PCIT would outperform TAU. Participants included 58 Mexican- American families. In this clinical sample, the children were in dire need of treatment. As stated, the IV is PCIT (Parent Child fundamental interaction Therapy), treatment as usual. GANA guided active children. The DV stated that there would be lower dropout, higher beget participation, better outcomes, higher parent satisfaction. The studies mental sentiment is social cultural. This is social cultural because it is analyse the different social groups of different cultures of the society. A new question raised for possible future study is why dropout rates do not differ?(Bandura, A. Ross, D., Ross, S.A) The advancement concerning the influence of the gender of the model and the sex of the children in imitation of a sample experiment. The num ber of participants was 72. 36 boys and 36 girls had participated as the imitators of the experiment. The mean age of the children equals 37 to 69 months. The IV with operational definition was Aggressive vs. Non- predatory children and same vs. Different sex. The DV is imitative responses (physical aggression, literal aggression, and non- communicatory responses. The result of this experiment was participants who observed aggressive models scored significantly higher in imitative responses including physical and verbal aggression as well as non aggressive verbal responses. The psychological perspective is social learning. The perspective is social learning because a child observing a behavior from an adult will collision the way they react to the independent variable of the experiment. A questioned raised to continue this study in the future is how much aggression was transmitted through imitation of the aggressive models?It is important to go about studying hypotheses using dif ferent psychological perspectives because it gives us a better and more accurate hypothesis as well as more accurate results. The study I will discuss further is hammering Aggression (Bandura 1961). The hypothesis explored in this study was subjects exposed to aggressive models would reproduce aggressive reactions resembling their models and would differ in this of both from participants who observed nonaggressive models and those of no prior witnessto any model. They tested the hypothesis with the psychological perspective known as social learning. Mood personality is another psychological perspective because a participants mood if experiencing anger will show that the individual will be deadly with the mallet after learning from the model. An individual could test the hypothesis with the new psychological perspective by bringing in participants experiencing anger and participants who are not experiencing anger and have them observe the model and see what their reaction is.Refere ncesRasmussen, Michael K., Pidgeon, Aileen M., (2010) The direct and indirect benefits of dispositional mindfulness on self- esteem and social anxiety, Anxiety, Stress Coping, 24, (2), 227-233.McCabe, K., Yeh, M. (2009) parent- child interaction therapy for Mexican Americans a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Child Adolescent Psychology, 38, (5), 753-759. 10.1080/15374410903544Bandura, Ross A., D., Ross, S. A, (1961) transmission of aggressive through imitation of aggressive models, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, (3), 575-582.

WRAPUP 1 Bullish U.S. manufacturing construction data bolster growth outlook Essay Example for Free

WRAPUP 1 Bullish U.S. manufacturing construction data bolster growth outlook EssayAmerica has always precious to see growth inside its system. Therefore with the growth in the manufacturing sector, the citizens atomic flesh 18 expected to bene equate from it. The article has three points which in my opinion exit be able to ensure that the terra firmas deliverance changes in a positive way for instance, the ideology of the manufacturing activities rising from 2011 spuriouss that the global market bequeath be bombarded with the goods from America. It as well means that the workers in the manufacturing sector will book to benefit from this rise. At the like time, the rise in sensitive orders will have to give room for the innovators to come up with new products to be manufactured. Therefore, the construction sector will also have to employ more people consequence that the country will have to curb unemployment.Why Main Street isnt creating personal line of creditsFo r a very eagle-eyed time the main street had been seen to be the leading sector in job creation. However, the small businesses ar fighting for better market qualification it unthinkable for growth in the sector. The market is also flood with the small businesses devising the competition to be stiff. The entrepreneurs have also been made not to create more jobs with the rise of healthc be cost, red tape and minimal wages debate. For instance, the government has set up policies of minimum wages while the business top executive not be able to attain the threshold making it undoable to employ people in accordance to the policy.Fed keeps record-low lays for now, that investors, consumers, businesses face the necessaryThe Fed has insisted on keeping these low records in the market while the people who are having problems are the employers and business owners. For instance, the market enjoys a growth within the construction and manufacturing sectors whereby people expect the emp loyment rate to also be on the rise. Therefore it is expected that the job market should be high and layoffs should be low.This is why the middle class cant get aheadThe middle class society has the highest number of individuals across the humankind. However, during the recession they were the individuals who felt the pinch and it has been difficult for them to recover. At the alike(p) time, there are slightly of them who have not been able to recover citing that they are still facing recession. Downturn has made it impossible for business ideas to be implemented as majority of the people are yet to recover. This means that it would be impossible for median household income to sustain families or even give room for recovery.US job growth is rising solidly, so why isnt pay?From the look of subjects, individuals expected to have a modus vivendi change after it was reported that the hiring rate in the United States was on the rise. However, after being assiduous things have been w orse since the wage is minimal. One thing that the people need to understand that the five historic period of recession has made it difficult for companies to recover. At the same time, the companies are not capable of hiking the pay since it would impede with their budget of running their businesses. The problem might not be hitting the employees alone, but rather also the government as the trend does not give room for the economy to arm.Investors gird for scarier days in marketsBusiness individuals always have the best forecasting techniques for the market. This time their predictions might be right as the market has become volatile for them to withstand it. Their worry is related to the stock market that indicates weakness. As the stocks set down, the another(prenominal) regions might take advantages of the loopholes and beat the U.S. market. The hazardous spirit of the market has made it impossible for the more investors to surmise into the market or even new products. Th is would mean that the market will remain stagnant with the same products and lack of innovation.World economies warn of global risks, call for bold satisfyIt is important for bold swear out to be taken in aid of bolstering the global economy. The main aim is to ensure that there is a smooth recovery in the different economies across the globe. This will make government to have budgets that will be able to sustain their people and their businesses. The International Monetary Fund declared the call for action after it had realized that the governments were running under tight budgets that might not sustain their economies. Low budgets for the governments makes it impossible for governments to maintain some of its infrastructures, health sectors and better governance. The tight budgets are also associated with the high levels of poverty within a country.Why deflation is so scaryThe only individuals who are scared with the rise of deflation rate are the investors and the business own ers. The prices of goods are seen to be dwindling. The consumers have a lot to celebrate but the entrepreneurs are terror-struck that soon they would be counting their losses. On average, majority of the goods in the market are having their prices lower to fit the budget of the buyers. Individuals should not be happy with the whole idea of deflation, as it would interfere with their economy. The price for fruit would have to be lowered making the companies to come up with goods that are not of good quality. purloin economist looking for Fed to surprise marketThe Fed has been known to come up with policies, which strengthen the countrys economy. However, the entrepreneurs have seen it fit to give everything to the Feds. This might be a bad thing for the feds, as they will be held accountable if the economy goes the wrong way. The economists have seen it fit to put the pluck on the feds incase the business does mistakes. They had noticed that there is a looming inflation rate and t hey needed mortal to blame.Chinas October factory growth unexpectedly hits five-month low official PMIFrom the look of things, it seems that all the economies around the ball would have to come with different strategies to fit the market. For instance the drop in the manufacturing sector in China might be a big blow for their economy. The country is known to have the biggest market around the globe when it comes to having products in the market. However, the biggest reason as to why the growth is not being felt is due to the nature of the products they bring into the market. There have been numerous complains indicating that the goods from the region are not standardized. However, it is essential for the manufacturers to look at the market and know the type of goods required by the consumers.Annual China trade growth slows in October in further sign of fragilityIf the second largest economy is dropping in growth, then their schema would have to change. It is understandable if Chi nas imports reduce but a bad sign if the exports reduce. The reason for this statement is that, the country has been known to innovate and manufacture products that they acquire from other countries. The domestic demands for their own products is on the rise making it impossible for the export market to hit the region. Therefore, the policy makers venturing into china are supposed to come up with a product that the region does not have.Falling inflation a worry for Europe but also the worldThe European market has always been understood to be a mature market. This would mean that if it is hit by inflation then the global market would also have to suffer. The European key Bank would lose in taxes and fall of the property market. Therefore, if inflation is curbed in Europe than the rest of the world will be at ease.U.S. crude down seven percent to May 2010 low on OPEC, new low likelyThe traders in the crude oil business estimated that their output had fallen by 7 percent. This might b e true since the market has experienced emergence of other producers who have lower prices. Another reason for this is the decision by Saudi Arabia to block the United states to sell their products to the U.A.E. the only regions benefitting are the African and Arab nations that deals in crude oil.Referenceshttp//www.cnbc.com/id/101963506.http//finance.yahoo.com/news/why-main-street-isnt-creating-120034955.htmlhttp//www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/fed-signals-it-plans-to-keep-key-interest-rate-at-record-low-for-considerable-period-275482001.htmlhttp//finance.yahoo.com/news/this-is-why-the-middle-class-is-still-reeling-170441453.html http//finance.yahoo.com/news/us-job-growth-rising-solidly-180238861.html?soc_src= re-create http//finance.yahoo.com/news/investors-gird-scarier-days-markets-012706729.html?soc_src= counterparthttp//finance.yahoo.com/news/imf-warns-global-economy-risk-175450932.html?soc_src=copyhttp//finance.yahoo.com/news/why-deflation-is-so-scary-202724649.html?soc_sr c=copyhttp//finance.yahoo.com/news/top-economist-looking-fed-surprise-205358922.html?soc_src=copyhttp//finance.yahoo.com/news/chinas-october-official-pmi-edges-011829371.html?soc_src=copyhttp//finance.yahoo.com/news/china-october-exports-11-6-023116488.html?soc_src=copyhttp//finance.yahoo.com/news/falling-inflation-worry-europe-world-093023683.html?soc_src=copyhttp//finance.yahoo.com/news/oil-steadies-near-four-low-162038436.html?soc_src=copySource document

Integration of Evidence-Based Practice Into Professional Nursing Practice Essay Example for Free

Integration of endorse-Based work Into Professional Nursing Practice EssayIn this paper we will discourse the integration of establish found do into schoolmaster breast feeding f be. Scott McSherry (2008) define severalize based go for as the combination of individual, clinical, or professional expertness with the best available external picture to produce practice that is most likely to lead to verificatory outcomes for a patient. Despite literature surrounding what show based c be for is and isnt, nurses struggle to get evidence into practice. Many reasons suck been reported including a lack of understanding about evidence based nursing means. Scott McSherry (2008) too define evidence based nursing is a crop by which nurses make clinical decisions using the best available research evidence, their clinical expertise and patient outcomes. We will also discuss nursings simultaneous reliance on and critique of EBP in the context of critical reasoning. there wi ll also be discussion of a study done that examined the effects of integrating evidence based practice into clinical practicum among RN-BSN students and the limitations of evidence based practice and an alternate view of decision making. at long last we will discuss evidence that challenges the conventional practice regarding injection situations (Cocoman Murray 2010). According to Guem et al. (2010) evidenced based practice is a problem solving approach to clinical care that incorporates the conscious us of the current best available evidence, a clinicians expertise, and the patient values. Evidence for evidence based practice does not constantly rely on research findings. Sources exercisingd can include research findings, clinical experience, quality advance data, logical reasoning, recognized authority, and client satisf put through, situation, experience, and value (Leddy Pepper 2008 p. 66).On the contrary evidence based nursing is essential beca recitation of its probabl e to save time and money and improve patient outcomes by decreasing costs, done standardizing and streamlining costs (Scott McSherry 2008). It is important o understand the difference between evidence based practice and evidence based nursing beca engagement at times they are used interchangeably. Scott McSherry (2008) state that the nursing practice has welcomed EBP but when it comes to EBN, it is still yet to come reality because the concept is much unsophisticated and can lead to problems associated with its use and misuse.EBN is merely a construct and has yet to be successfully implemented (Scott McSherry 2008). In subject matter the dilemma with EBN is that we dont really know the rendering of nursing. Although there are problems with the definition we know that clinical judgment is one of the major concepts used in nursing thus it reinforces the idea of EBP and ultimately EBP. To advance the profession and ensure solid standards of practice, we should look beyond evide nce based practice, period useful in implementation it is just one of many other component parts (Jutel 2008).Evidence based practice is like the new black in nursing practice and already occupies a prominent position, several international nursing organizations support its use as a strategic action in the advancement of the profession. Despite the emphasis on EBP, there is also a strong showdown to it, not with the actual use of EBP being a problem but with the fundamentals on which it stands. These arguments croak of the veracity of the criteria used in EBP which simultaneously undermines and cannot support EBP (Jutel 2008).If it had not been for the cultural turn which recognized that things are not always as they seem or that power, society, and culture contribute as much as science to generating cognition, the debate about EBP would have never surfaced (Jutel 2008). Although nurses argue against EBP, they lack important tools necessary to commute EBP. Nursing education plac es high value on authority and adherence to clinical protocols, rather than on skills (Jutel, 2008. P. 419).Opponents of EBP suggests that bewilderment of clinical practice guidelines, critical care pathways, and protocols may actually interfere and entice practitioners to develop somewhat of a cookbook recipe attitude to client care (Leddy Pepper 2010). With quality usefulness being rooted in industrial production, perhaps standardization may not be as desirable because patients have unique needs and characteristics the may be overlooked when adhering to strict clinical practice guidelines.Nursing adopts a devoted and somewhat naive trust when assessing information, we are quick to accept the truths of a peer reviewed article, drug company propaganda, and quick to accept an argument on inconsistencies of EBP. The tools EBP claims to own, are incredibly useful, however, are not tools of EBP they are critical skills of information appraisal. As evidence based practice rapidly repl aces the traditional paradigm of healthcare decision making, health care members have an obligation to access knowledge, apply it in practice, and lead others to use it appropriately (Geum et al. 010 p. 387).For example RN-BSN programs these are adult students who have clinical knowledge and skill, integrated background and educational preparation and employment experience but have not taken a formal research course, thus they show less confidence to include evidence based practice in their practices because these are courses that are not common outside a baccalaureate curriculum. To examine the long suit of the integration of EBP into a clinical practicum a study was done among Korean RN-BSN students.The main goals were to enhance students competencies for EBP knowledge skills and attitudes and to expose students to opportunities that would encourage the use of best evidence (Geum et al. 2008). Each student was instructed to define patients nursing problems for their on an indivi dual basis assigned patient and to formulate nursing problems using the EBP question format, PICO, which we discussed earlier in the semester, to select the nursing intervention for the problems posed.Before the EBP practicum, the overall and individual scores for EBP efficacy among RN-BSN students indicated that students were a little confident regarding the EBP process (Geum et al. 2008, p. 389). Results of this study indicate that integration of EBP into an RN-BSN clinical practicum had a positive effect on EBP efficacy and decreased barriers to research utilization among students in Korea, which also corroborates with studies conducted in other countries. Evidence based practice is a learned set of skills thus critical thinking is vital in developing evidence based nursing practice (Geum et al. 2008).Regardless if the evidence on complications, nurses in clinical settings still continue to use and instruct nursing students on the use of dorsogluteal injection situations as the site of choice for intramuscular injections (Cocoman Murray 2010). So, where should an intramuscular (IM) injection be given? Nurses have traditionally used the dorsogluteal, but recent literature has advocated the ventrogluteal site. Choosing sites has been a matter of personal preference, rather than the results of evidence based practice. S lowly uptake of medications, major nerves and smear vessels present make this site problematic.A British study suggests as previous studies have shown the low efficacy of gluteal intramuscular injections, this route should be avoided for most drugs (Cocoman Murray, 2010. P. 1171). As the sciatic nerve lies still a few centimeters from the injection site, injuries pose a significant threat, making the need for accurately identifying landmarks in particular important. An alternative site is the ventrogluteal, seen by many as the preferred site. This site provides the greatest thickness of gluteal muscle and is free from penetrating nerves and blood vessels (Cocoman Murray 2010).Despite evidence favoring the ventrogluteal site, nurses are slow to use it, relying on the much taught and used dorsogluteal site. Studies show that only 12% of American nursing staff uses the ventrogluteal site (Cocoman Murray 2010. P. 1172). Studies suggest that some reasons the site is not used is because of nurses unfamiliarity in locating the site and potential needle stick injury. Unfortunately, nurses have not come to realize that when using the V method, the non injecting hand is to be removed, as its only used for visual land marking (Cocoman Murray 2010).Throughout this paper we have discussed the integration of evidence based practice into nursing from various articles. In the various articles the authors talked about evidence based practice compared to evidence based nursing, the integration of evidence based practice in RN-BSN programs. We also discussed the article on a clinical example which suggested that the ventrogluteal intramuscular injection site over the dorsogluteal site is preferred when it comes to positive patient outcomes.

Dealing With Video Games’ Problems Essay Example for Free

Dealing With Video posts Problems EssayIn present-day society, with the Internet technologies developing rapidly, characterization games meet assumed an increasingly crucial role in peoples lives. Admittedly, tv games whitethorn lure lots of people, and gaming industry has achieved a good success. However, there be many problems with word picture games much(prenominal)(prenominal) as game dependence of Chinas youth and the utilitarian behaviors of the game companies so that it is distinguished to reinforce the regulation of video games.The most severe problem ca engaged by video games is gaming habituation, curiously for Chinas youth. The youth of China atomic number 18 the most plugged-in, an alarming statistics shows that 42% report whimsey addicted to the video games, according to Dr. Tao, who set up Chinas first Internet addiction clinic at the Military General Hospital in Beijing (Dubois). Addiction is an appropriate word to portray those game players who imme rse themselves in the practical(prenominal) world of video games and cannot control themselves. Long-term Internet addiction would result in brain structural alterations, which probably contri entirelyed to chronic dysfunction (Dubois). Peoples perfunctory reported a 14-year-old boy who died after a four storey fall due to hallucinations brought on by his obsession with the popular video game Legend. (Dubois). Also, other similar tragedies happened because of the addiction. According to China casual and The Guardian, two Chinese teenagers from different places committed suicide byjumping from buildings after playing cosmos of War Craft (WOW) for dozens of hours (Dubois). Therefore, it is apparent from these facts that China is facing a problem of gaming addiction.Moreover, the problems are also caused by the utilitarian gaming industry. Game companies are utilitarian that they do not run across the effect that their games will bring to the players but just care about their profit . To attract more kids, Game console sell gift cards at convenience stores that allow kids to make purchases on video games, even if they dont have a credit card (Henn 4). This will make almost kids play video games without their parents permission and whitethorn even cause addiction and family conflicts. Henn states Researchers in game companies hint games to get players to stay on longer, or to encourage them to spent money on digital goods (2) and the thought process is to make gamers uncomfortable, frustrate them, take a delegacy their powers, crush their fortsand then, at the last second, offer them a way out for a price (3). Young players whitethorn not have ability to make money, but they spend more and more realistic(prenominal) currency (paid for with real cash) (Clendenin) to get the latest and best virtual gaming equipment, which may even cause crimes. Peoples Daily reported that a 19-year-old college disciple stole 20,000 RMB at school in order to pay for the expens ive virtual commodities in his front-runner video game. Thus, unethical behaviors of gaming industry are also serious problems to solve.Regulations on video games may help to alleviate the severe situation. But to eradicate these problems, the Chinese government must have regulations that are powerful enough. Although the Chinese government has already built up some regulations on video games, these regulations may be not sufficient. In April 2007, the Chinese government introducedsome regulations to deal with such situation. It introduced an anti-addiction system that demand the players register with their real name and ID number and will limit the time players spend in their virtual world (Clendenin).There is also a total ban on minors handling virtual currency, used by many online games (Clendenin). The system indeed prevents players from overindulging in online games to some extent. However, the system is not as effective as expected since players just turn to other games afte r limited hours or they use fake registration information and change it frequently. Meanwhile, the game companies, which depend so much on video games for profit, will also invent more countermeasures to cope with these regulations(Clendenin). So if these regulations have no supporting measures, they may well become an ineffective attempt to solve these complicated issues. Hence, in order to eradicate the problems caused by video games, the Chinese government should have more powerful regulations on video games.To sum up, video games now indeed have caused serious problems for Chinas youth. After knowing the reasons for the problems, to deal with such situation, reinforcing the regulation of video games is essential to help solve the rigorous problems in China.Works CitedMultitasking After 60 Video Game Boosts Focus, Mental Agility. Shots. Writ. Jon Hamilton. NPR, 4 Sept. 2013. Radio.Video Game Creators Are Using Apps To Teach Empathy. wholly technical school Consider. Writ. Steven Henn. NPR, 20 Nov. 2013. RadioHow Video Games Are Getting Inside Your HeadAnd Wallet. All Tech Consider. Writ. Steven Henn. NPR, 29 Oct. 2013. RadioZhang, Zeoy. Has Chinas Online Gaming Addiction Become an Epidemic? The Diplomat. The Diplomat, 4 Oct. 2013. Web. 13 Feb. 2014.Clendenin, Mike. China Tightens Online Gaming Regulations. InformationWeek. N. p., 25 June 2010. Web. 20 bilk 2014Dubois, Matthew. Log in, sign out. The World of Chinese. N. p., 9 Mar 2013. Web. 20 Mar 2014

Latin Terms for Legal Studies Essay Example for Free

Latin Terms for Legal Studies EssayTwo of the more important maxims (guides or aids) commonly used by the motor hotels are (pg. 20) Noscitur a sociis (It is known from its associates) is used where a word is ambiguous or unclear in a group of precise words. Its meaning is limited to the same class or types of things as the specific words. Ejusdem generis Means of the same soft, class or nature and is known as the class rule. chthonic this rule, the broad, ordinary word is limited to the same class as the more specific words preceding it. beneath subsidiary legislation (pg. 23)Ultra vires Beyond unmatcheds legal power or authority. chthonic Unwritten Law (English Law) (pg. 24)Inter alia Among other things.Lex non cogit impossibilia The law does not compel a man to do that which is impossible. /The law requires nothing impossible. Case law or precedent may comprise res judicata, proportionality decidendi and obiter dictum (pg 29). Res judicata Final order of the court bin ding the immediate parties to the decision. It assumes that there are 2 opposing parties, there is a definite issue and the court has so unconquerable the issue acting within its jurisdiction. Judgement in the strictest sense. Only applies to the immediate parties.Ratio decidendi Its the reason for the decision. In a case, in addition to the res judicata the legal reasoning upon which the decision in that case was based may be used by judges in future cases when confronted with similar facts. This is called the ratio decidendi of the case. Obiter dictum Anything else state about the law in the course of a judgement that does not form part of the matters at issue is called obiter dictum (sayings by the way). It has no binding power, although it can exercise an extremely strong solve in a lower court, and even in a court of equivalent standing, depending on the court and the judge. Stare decisis Process of following an established procedure, which literally means to stand by a deci sion. Obiter give tongue to in passing. / Said by the way.Under Hierarchy of Precedents Pari materia (pg. 32) Of the same matter on the same subject. The expression used in connection with two laws relating to the same subject matter that must be canvass with each other. Per incuriam (pg. 33) Literally translated as through lack of care, per incuriam refers to a judgment of a court which has been decided without reference to a statutory provision or earlier judgment which would have been relevant.CHAPTER 3Under Constitutional review (pg. 49) ab-initio From the beginning from the first act from the inception. An agreement is said to be void ab initio if it has at no time had any legal validity. Under Statutory interpretation (pg. 49)Sui generis Of its own kind or class. That which is the only one of its kind. Under Magistrate Courts (pg. 54)Mesne profits The profits of an estate received by a tenant in wrongful possession and recoverable by the landlord. Ex parte (Lost the page, s orry) On one side only. Done by, for, or on the application of one party alone.

The argument from religious experience for the existence of God Essay Example for Free

The argument from apparitional experience for the universe of paragon searchExamine the argument from spectral experience for the existence of God. To what extent does it support the probability of God?Richard Swinburne summarises sacred experience for m all by saying, experience of God or whatever other(a) supernatural thing. Others would enounce that it is simply an experience of something beyond themselves. On the other hand, William Jamess focus is on the individual, taking the route of a psychologist to determine the validity of an experience. However it is defined, the topic of religious experience has been under scrutiny for centuries, with records of experiences dating spur to before Christ for example the burning bush in the Bible. However the evidence in point from those times starts to be on the same level as it is today. So ar religious experiences real, and do they support the idea of God?The two main types of religious experience are special manifest ation and general revelation. Special being when people think/ flavor that God has made Himself known to them directly, whitethornbe through rafts, dreams, prayer, miraculous healing, conversion or charismatic phenomena. General revelation is where people think/feel that God is revealing Himself indirectly to them. This is normally through the beauty of nature, although it could also be through things uniform religious writings and moreover in other people. This is basically seeing God through Gods creations, such(prenominal) as you tolerate see the wonder of an artist through his fine artwork.Reports of religious experiences construct tended to depict similar characteristics. For example many who have undergone near death experiences claim to have seen their lives flashing before their eyes before seeing a bright white light. In fact these scenes are so common they have become the stereotype for film depictions of near death experiences. Many would argue that if so many peo ple have experienced comparable sightings, then(prenominal) is on that point some truth to be found in this? Psychologists may argue that since one or two have announced this, others may have simply conjured a similar image from their brain as they believe that that is what the experience should appear as.There are four disuniteifications of religious experience, which were formulated by William James in 1902. The first of these is Ineffability which is a state of experience that is difficult to describe as it is unlike any other. The second being rational Quality which is tell to be where the experience reveals insights that are beyond the scope of normal human reason. The deuce-ace classification is Transciency. This is said to not last very commodious, and are vaguely remembered. The final classification is Passivity, which is set forth as the person having a profound sense of being taken over. Also, whilst undergoing the experience they are said to lose control to a more powerful being, namely God. This experience can also be described as being beyond human control.When he formulated these classifications, James was trying to compel a classic description of religious experience, and identified the four key features that they tended to have. However, there are faults with separately classification. The fault with ineffability is that if an experience is ineffable, then it is hard to examine because you wouldnt know what you were examining. The problem with the second classification is if it is mental then any truth gained from the experience cannot be subjected to reason, as you cant verify it (apart from by other people who have had one). Thirdly, if an experience is transcient then it cannot be tested. With the forth classification, James has jumped to an assumption, because even if passivity may indicate the heraldic bearing of another being it does not have to be God.As just explained religious experiences tend to be out of the ordinary as p eople describe being in the presence of an awesome power. Religious experiences more often have positive feedback, encouraging people to better themselves as theyve had an awakening past the realms of our material world. Being a very individual and personal experience which seems to be somewhat unique for everyone, it is difficult for the individual to explain the experience. This leads to difficulties in checking the validity of the experience.With these ideas in mind we can now discuss the argument that religious experiences can be used as evidence for the existence of God. This topic has been debated for centuries, gathering attention from many philosophers whose views I will be using to support both side of meats of this argument.Supporters of this argument include Brian Davies and Richard Swinburne. Davies approaches this argument very open mindedly, with the view that the claim might be correct, so it is at least possible. Swinburnes approach is very much more one sided, shou ld accept unless one has some reason to question.Like the majority of ethical theories, there are more objectors than supporters. Some of these being C.R. Davies and, from a variant perspective, Feuerbach, Freud and Marx. C.R. Davies says that people who claim to have had a religious experience may be unreliable, and on the basis that they may be either lying or were hallucinating due to drugs or alcohol.Freud believes that supposititious religious experiences are just wishful thinking brought about by personal beliefs, normally as a way to deal with fears or desires. Feuerbach and Marx also take a psychological approach. My personal opinion, tends to side with Feuerbach when he says, It fails to make a distinction between feeling that I am right and very being right. There is most probably a psychological explanation for what the person has experienced, and as there is no conclusive evidence that the experience did in fact happen, one should not make dip leaps into falsities.Th e argument from religious experience has been criticised on many grounds, such as that the proof it is based on (religious experiences) is not actually valid evidence. One of the top issues is that there so many different religious around the world, each of which claims to have religious experiences of their particular deity. The fact that the being revealed is almost always the God of the believed faith seems to be stigmata. However, a response to this is that yes, even if the God that is revealing itself to them is claimed to be a different one through the different religions, it doesnt make the experience less real to the person. Examples of this are Buddhas enlightenment, Saul on the road to Damascus and Guru Nanalis experience of God.Another criticism that people have is that religious experiences are also vague they are experiences from which inferences are made and assumptions that it was God. In turn, this raises questions about the source of the experience. The response to this is simply then what kind of experiences can we trust? This links us back to transciency, experiences do not last long and are imperfectly remembered, which is a problem when it comes to validating experiences leading us to believe that we cannot trust any experiences, as we have no way of testing them empirically.Furthermore, psychologists have raised questions by examining the mental explanations to experiencing revelations, and so on The human mind is so powerful that it is possible that one could simply conjure a vision or revelation, and with the knowledge about the human mind increasing all the time, this view is becoming more popular with scientists.Freud shares this view as he feels that religious experiences are illusions associated with repressed sexual memories and interest in religion is a psychological obsession. Whereas Feuerbach feels that people invent religion as a crutch as they are dissatisfied with their actual lives. He also influenced Marx, who had the vi ew that religion is used by the capitalist class to control people and maintain the status quo. He also believes that religious experiences are a persons intended or unconscious choice that reflects the persons needs or desires.After studying both the strengths and weaknesses of this argument, I have come to the conclusion that religious experiences fail to convince me. As previously stated, they are unable to levy empirical evidence, some are vague, even in classification, and they are unreliable to be tested as they oppose all the rules of nature. The fact that there are more weaknesses than strengths means we cannot reliably validate religious experiences, and therefore they cannot be given as solid valid evidence for the existence of God.Bibliography* Dialogue Articles* separate Notes* http//www.religion-online.org* http//www.reference.com* http//www.radicalacademy.com

Boston Red Sox Spring Training Stadium Essay Example for Free

Boston Red Sox Spring Training orbit EssayFigure 1 the middle(a) of gravity model accord to the requirement from City Council Members, the dull of important places (included the Population Center) had ranked in the table above. The highest weight mean the important of that location. Therefore, according to the center gravity model, the best result of the training orbit site is the red dot in the take in 1.2) Weighted Scoring caseTable 2 Calculation of Weight Scoring Model (Considering the Cost) According to table, the best stadium site from all the candidate would be settle C, because the weighted score of aim C is the highest among all Sites. However, the weight ranked by the important of the issues in the future. On the former(a) hand, the Site C does not include the Cost of the Land, because it is a wetland and preserve area, so that it is not fair to other sites, which they have the land woo. Therefore, I come up with the new-fangled Table that not consider the cos t of the land.Table 3 Calculation of Weight Scoring Model (without Considering the Land Cost) Therefore, it turn out to be that the Site D has the best score among all the sites. PS The minus sign means the place is negative because it is a cost.3) Combine the result from Center of Gravity Model and Weight Scoring Model Accord to the answers from Figure1 and Table3, the best result would be the Stadium Site A because it in between the trounce Point and the weight scoring is nearly the same as site-D4) Final RecommendationAccording to these summary and modeling, the best site would be the Site Afor cardinal reasons. First, Site A is closed to two major Shopping Malls, which this could provide the jobs in the area and generate more revenue in the area. Second, it is in truth close to the Interstate 75 (I-75) which means it is very easy to access the stadium from the Airport and the stadium would be the new landmark for the city, because the stadium would huge enough for seeing fro m the I-75.However, the cost of the utility is highest among those sites, however for the long-run with revenue that generate from the long lease with Red Sox team, it is a guarantee that the revenue ordain cover all the cost and generate a really nice profit for the city. Therefore, Site A is the best suite for the new Boston Red Sox Spring Training Stadium that generate the damp economic in the local businesses in the shopping malls and area around there and also created the new landmark for the city that is very easy to access from the interstate 75.

Staff Retention in Nursing

Staff Retention in c atomic number 18 forArlena Davis,Stephanee ThurmanSTAFF RETENTION IN NURSINGIntroductionStaff keeping is one of the st enumerategies arrest administrators employs in preventing racy rates of throw turnover. Currently, the rate of nurse turnover is quite high, and this riddle is more cat valium in nurses at the entry aim. The high rate of nurse turnover is one the major contributors of the deficit of nurses experienced through with(predicate)out the country (Brunetto, 2012). A segment from prevention of nurse turnover, retentiveness of nurses has a lot of benefits accrue to it. The strategy is useful in keeping nurses in a particular organization, and this helps to retain the skills and knowledge accrue in the bring of serving at the organization. Other benefits associated with nurse keeping include a minify number of new nurses or rookies, thus reducing cost of training, fewer terms that lead to trim back termination cost and increased productiv ity. However, the retention of nurses in like manner comes along with increased cost. Some of the nurse retention be include salary increases, rewards, bonus programs, ongoing education and promotion, among others (Ley, 2007). Therefore, as a nurse manager, it is essential to elevate ways of dealing with ch eachenges that arise as a result of nurse retention. Possessing the knowledge on nurse retention is vital for tradeer development as a nurse manager. Hence, this paper provides an analysis of seek members regarding the issue of nurse retention.Staff Retention in NursingPart A Summary of separately correction expression 1 Retention Priorities for the Intergenerational agree giveforce by Wieck et al., 2010The enquiryers in this particular matter focused on the retention priorities for nurses belonging to different generations. The purpose of the check was to conduct an assessment on the milieu, business enterprise happiness, and desired traits of managers in a bid t o improve nurse retention (Wieck et al., 2010). As mentioned earlier, nurses retention is important in any organization since it helps reduce the problem of nurses shortages that is felt across the whole country. Work milieu, job satisfaction, and qualities portrayed by nurse managers have direct impacts on nurse retention.As part of the methodology, this study was purely quantitative and entailed collection of knowledge from 1,773 nurses from 22 hospitals. The behold was conducted online and included aspects such as nurse manager desired traits, safety perceptions, nursing work index and job satisfaction (Wieck et al., 2010).The findings of this look indicate that the satisfaction with work milieu were high among all the participants. The satisfaction was highest where thither existed nurse-physician human relationship, and lowest where there was nurse control of practice, and young nurses were less satisfied compared to nurses aged over 40 years. 40% of nurses baffling in the sample expressed safety concerns. Additionally, 61% of all the participants indicated that they were planning to leave their jobs within the bordering ten years (Wieck et al., 2010).In order to halt the alarming findings contained in this research, the researchers assert that health organizations should pee poseur managers since the characteristics of the manager are among the major factors influencing nurse retention. Hence, it important for nurse managers to possess qualities that promote a good working relationship with the nursing staff. The nurse managers should empower the staff nurse councils, which are very(prenominal) useful in advancing the grievances raised by nurses, hence improving job satisfaction. The other recommendations are revamping of the incentives, stabilizing staffing, and focusing on their safety during service delivery (Wieck et al., 2010).Article 2 Study on hold back Retention by BrunettoThe study aimed at improving the rates of nurse retention by focusing on the factors that make nurses stick into their professions (Brunetto, 2012). The study took three years, and it sought to determine nurses satisfaction take aims concerning the relationship with supervisors, ability to solve problems during service delivery, and communication structures (Brunetto, 2012).The findings of the study show that nurses leave their jobs due to lack of autonomy. 20% of the nurses involved in the study felt that they did non possess the relevant skills to solve the problems they were facing, thereby forced to consult from their superior. This practice leads to erosion of the autonomy in nursing. Other findings indicate that younger nurses are face up with the greatest challenges of retention. Another factor that contributes to nurses leaving their job is random changes in the hospital management that work out the work relationships among the nurses and supervisors. Well-organized structures in the hospital have the potential to reduce the number of nurses leaving their jobs (Brunetto, 2012).The insights contained in this study target be very beneficial if they are impose in a hospital. primary of all, change magnitude the autonomy of nurses can help lower nurses turnover and retain more nurses in the hospital. In the cases where nurses lack autonomy due to lack of knowledge on how to deal with certain situations can allow further in training to increase their knowledge (Brunetto, 2012). The supervisors should create proper working relationships with nurses. Good relations between the nurses and their supervisors will help reduce the rate of nurse turnover.Article 3 Keeping Nurses on the Job Retention is part of the Answer to the Nursing Shortage (New York University, 2009).The purpose of this study was to establish the factors that can help keep new nurses from leaving their jobs (New York University, 2009). The topic of study was important because nurses turnover not all results in a shortage of nursing staf f in the hospital, but also results increased hospital budget as the hospitals tries to cater for turnover costs (New York University, 2009). This study was funded by the Robert Wood Foundation, and it incorporated a sample size of 1,933 newly licensed nurses that were sampled from various hospitals across 34 states in the USA (New York University, 2009).The results of the study showed that nurses stayed on their jobs based on factors that included perceptions of the working conditions, job opportunities available, personal characteristics and specific workplace attributes. correspond to the researchers, nurse retention can be useful in cutting the costs of running the hospitals. Nurse retention is also useful in improving patients outcomes since it increases the staff stability. Whenever the nurses are satisfied with their jobs, bear the organisational commitment, possess autonomy, and have opportunities for promotion, such nurses have minimal chances of leaving their job (New Yo rk University, 2009).The knowledge contained in this research article is applicable in addressing problems with nurses retention. Health organizations should try to create equal chances for promotion for the nurses. Some nurses should not feel sidelined for promotions whereas others are favored. As the results of the study show, the hospitals can reduce high workload for nurses in a bid to increase job satisfaction. Increasing job satisfaction can result in the high rate of nurses retention. The nurse managers should provide supervisory support in the efforts to increase the organisational commitment among younger nurses. Nurse Managers should also avoid some practices such as mandatory overtime since they lead to reduced organizational commitment (New York University, 2009).Article 4 Effective Strategies for Nurse Retention in Acute Hospitals A mixed Method Study by Koen et al., 2013Nurse retention is one of the best strategies in countering the problem nurse shortage within the o rganization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of nurse education, nurse staffing and nursing practice environment on the nurse reported intention to leave the hospital (Koen et al., 2013). The study also sought to provide best practices in the nursing care that can lead to a drop dead practice environment and thereby improving nurse retention rates (Koen et al., 2013). The study involved 3186 bedside nurses worn-out from 56 Belgian exquisite hospitals.The results show that 29.5% of the participants were planning to leave the hospital. Two factors, namely, nurse work environment and patient-to-nurse ratio were among the leading reasons for the intentions of nurses to leave (Koen et al., 2013). Further results indicate, high performing hospitals with high rates of nurse retention had a participative management style, structured education programs, and career opportunities for nurses (Koen et al., 2013). However, the study contains several limitations. The RN4CAST nurse survey conducted did not cover all the components. Important elements like magnetic force 11 were locked out of the study. The qualitative information was collected from six Flemish hospitals and thus it hard to make generalizations of the findings.Therefore, the knowledge contained in this research article is applicable in addressing problems with nurses retention, and this can be achieved by mentoring nurses and addressing their dissatisfactions in a timely manner (Koen et al., 2013).Article 5 Exploring the Key Predictors of Retention in Emergency Nurses by Sawatzky Enns, 2012The objective of this study was specifically to look for and describe the influencing and intercessor factors that predict the retention of nurses working in the emergency departments (Sawatzky, Enns, 2012). The researchers employed cross-sectional survey designed in the collection of the data (Sawatzky Enns, 2012).The results indicate, Engagement emerged as the most convincing predict or for intermediary factors (Sawatzky Enns, 2012).The intermediary factors use in this case included job satisfaction, fatigue, and burnout. An inverse relationship was evident between engagement and influencing factors such as nursing management, collaboration with nurses, available resources, and shift work (Sawatzky Enns, 2012).There are limitations contained in this work. The purposive sampling method used can elicit biased findings. The other limitation is that the scorn the fact that framework used in the research was based on scientific evidence, it had not been tried (Sawatzky Enns, 2012). In addition, since the subjects used in the study were draw from the nurses operating in the emergency departments, the findings of the study cannot be applied in the entire nursing population. According to the findings of this study, engagement is a signalise factor in retaining nurses working in the emergency departments. Hence, nurse managers should work on factors that increase engagements. Some of these factors include engaging the nursing management in providing guidance, collaboration with physicians, and shift work.Article 6 The Mediating Role of Organizational Sub farmings in Health Care Organizations by Lok et al., 2011The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating piece of the organizational sub civilization between job satisfaction, organizational commitment and lead culture in health care organizations (Lok et al., 2011). The study used nurses drawn from 26 wards in indifferent hospitals (Lok et al., 2011).The results obtained shows that in the innovative ward, subculture was found to bear greater impact on nurses commitment and retention. In the bureaucratic ward, subculture had a significant negative direct relationship with commitment (Lok et al., 2011). On the supportive ward, subculture had small but positive indirect relationship with job commitment, and this was achieved through job satisfaction (Lok et al., 2011). Some lim itations contained in this research calls for further research. In the first instance, this research is only applicable in Australia due to differences in culture across the different countries of the world. Another limitation is that the study was conducted in a hospital in which nurses spend long periods in the ward. Hence, in organizations where nurses move more frequently, they may not have adequate time to form subcultures that influence commitment (Lok et al., 2011).The findings of this research can be applied in healthcare organizations by creating an environment that promotes commitment. Servant leadership is critical in increasing the level of commitment among the employees. Hence, the nurse managers should embrace a transformative style of leadership in order to boost the level of commitment among the nurseArticle 7 Which Organizational Culture Moves Towards Organizational Excellency by Gogheri et al., 2013.The boilers suit objective of this study was to evaluate the rela tionship of types of culture and the execution of organizational excellencies based on the EFQM computer simulation in government organizations (Gogheri et al., 2013). 311 questionnaires were used to collect the data contained in this study (Gogheri et al., 2013).According to the descriptive data collected by the researchers, culture is a major determiner of the organizations boundaries (Gogheri et al., 2013). Culture creates a stable and sustainable social system. The result findings found out that the majority of the respondents viewed culture as a label that is capable of connecting components of the organization through proper standards. The findings found it essential for nurse managers to understand culture issues in groups and the organization at large. However, the study was faced with several limitations. One of the limitations was lack of cooperation from personnel and organizations during the process of collecting. There were also some previous studies conducted on the r elationship between organizational culture and organizational excellence performance that made the findings no original (Najmi Hosseini, 2006).According to the findings of this study, organizational culture is important in any organization since it affects goals and strategies set by the organization. Organizational culture can be a talent or weakness in the organization. Since nursing managers have an essential role of developing organizational culture, they should run across they develop positive organizational culture that will impact the organization positively (Najmi Hosseini, 2006).Part B. review article and Overall SummaryThe above articles address the issue of nurse retention in health organizations. The information contained in this articles can be successfully applied in addressing problems associated with retention of nurses in health care organizations. In the first article, the knowledge can be applied in health organizations by creating model nurse leaders and emp owering the nursing councils. In the second article, the application of the insight collected can be done through increasing the autonomy of nurses, and this strategy can help lower nurses turnover rate and eventually retain more nurses in hospitals. The supervisors should also create good relationships with the employees.Nurse Managers can apply the findings of the third article by providing supervisory support to nurses during service delivery in the efforts to increase the organizational commitment among younger nurses (New York University, 2009). Nurse Managers should also avoid some practices such as mandatory overtime since they lead to reduced organizational commitment, and thus increased turnover. In the fourth article, the knowledge obtained can be applied by creating a more participative work environment where nurses collaborate freely with the management (Koen et al., 2013). Nurse Managers can apply the knowledge on the fifth article in healthcare organizations by working on factors that increase engagements. Some of these factors include nursing management, collaboration with physicians, shift work and resources (Sawatzky, Enns, 2012). The findings of the sixth and one-seventh research article can be applied in health care organizations by creating an environment that promotes commitment and as well as cultural sensitive work environment (Manojlovich, 2006).In summary, all the summarized articles are very credible, and they provide evidence-based practices that can be applied by nursing managers to avert the increasing problems associated with retention of nurses. Apart from the interventions set in the articles, nursing managers can also address problems of retention among nurses by addressing shortages of nurses, adopting top-notch recruitment and retention policies, effective planning and use of the available nursing resources, and providing incentives that motivate nurses. Therefore, all the strategies identified in the articles when implemen ted effectively can increase nurses job satisfaction thus reducing problems of retention (Ley, 2007).ConclusionNursing retention is an effective measure in curbing the problem of nurses shortages in heath care organizations. For nurse managers, understanding the mechanisms of retaining nurses is essential for the purposes of career development. This research paper has provided five articles addressing the issue of nurse retention, and two articles addressing organizational culture and it influence on retention. In regard to nurse retention, the style of leadership adopted by nurse administrator has direct impacts on the nurse retention. Hence, nurse administrators should create an environment that promotes commitment. In regard to organizational culture, leaders are largely responsible for developing an organizational culture and it important for nurse managers to use their positions to develop a positive culture that promote retention of nurses.ReferencesBrunetto, Y.( 2012). Study on Nurse Retention. The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 34, 28-38.Duffield, C. M., Roche, M. A., Blay, N., Stasa, H. (2011). Nursing unit managers, staff retention and the work environment.Journal of clinical nursing,20(12), 23-33.Gogheri, A. S., Nawaser, K., Vesal, S. M., Jahanshahi, A. A., Kazi, R. (2013). Which organizational culture moves towards organizational excellency. Asian Social Science, 9(11), 221-236.Koen, V., et al. (2013). Effective strategies for nurse retention in acute hospitals A mixed method study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 50(2)185194Ley, L. (2007). Shortage of Nurses. Journal of medical practice. 3(1), 23-43.Lok, P., Jo, R., Westwood, B. (2011). The mediating role of organizational subcultures in health care organizations, Journal of Health Organization and Management, 25(5) pp.506 525.Manojlovich, M. (2006). Enhancing nurses job satisfaction through improvements in the practice environment and effective nurse physician communication. Journ al of Nursing Administration, 36(5), 229-230Najmi, M., Hosseini, S. (2006). EFQM Excellence Model, From inclination to Execution. Ronas (6th ed.). Tehran, Iran.New York University. (20130). Keeping Nurses on the Job Retention Is Part Of The Answer To The Nursing Shortage. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 29, 2014 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090330154802.htmSawatzky, V. Enns, C.(2012). Exploring the key predictors of retention in emergency nurses. Journal of Nursing Management., 20(5) 696-707.Wieck, K., et al. (2010). Retention priorities for the intergenerational nurse workforce. Nursing Forum, 45(1), 7-17.